ULUSLARARASI POLİTİKA

Blocs have founded their own security and economic cooperation organizations, such North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (1949), and Warsaw Pact (1955), The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) (1949), Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) (1948).

One can clearly underline that globalization is essentially the historical transformation of the world especially visible in social, political, economic and cultural terms. Globalization is thus used to describe transformations proliferating all kinds of communication among people living in many different regions of the world.

21st Century globalization starts as 2000 in the central node of East Asia, BRICS, emerging societies, petro-economies. The dynamics are New geography of trade and global rebalancing.

Although some communities had started agriculture, the majority kept their livestock in a nomadic manner since their geographical conditions were not favourable. The antique empires such as Macedonian, Persian, Rome, Mongols and the Seljukians, through healthy designed and functioning civilian and military bureaucracy of their era, reached enormous capacity to spread across many different continents with their cultural influence as well. Social and cultural aspects of the earlier hegemonic powers of their age commonly held by local authorities and people through some variations. Especially, religions such as Christianity and Islam spread fast and were adopted by masses.

In World War I, the Allied Powers are France, United Kingdom, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Romania, China, United States, Greece, etc.; Central Powers: German Empire, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria.

Enrichment of Europe and technological improvements led to the Industrial Revolution. This new type of production accelerated labour markets, augmented industrial city life, and also increased military expenditures with the newly emerging heavy military technology.

United Nations (UN) was founded during 1945. But during WW2, Allied Big Four (China, USA, USSR, UK) accepted the document of Declaration by United Nations in 1942.The UN based on criteria of international assembly. Each nation had a chair in UN General Assembly. Although Security Council, composed of fifteen members five of whom have permanent seats to generate a problematic issue about democracy of the Council; UN is still the most inclusive organization.

Cold War was a period interestingly with no armed conflict happened between major powers USA and USSR. Instead, various peripheral territories faced with proxy wars several times. Thus, states that had lethal nuclear weapons, managed to avoid such military actions. Negative outputs of two world wars taught the importance of interconnection and diplomacy among nations. UN is a unifying, easy connecting, and negotiating platform among governments with their permanent representatives that help nations to deal with international contemporary issues.

1979 was a year of many critical developments in the world with Iranian Revolution, downfall of Sandinista government in Nicaragua, and Afghanistan invasion of USSR. Bloc politics and conflicts intensified. All these developments started the so called Second Cold War period since USA and USSR started another armament period, after the Détente lasted almost 15 years following the talks of limiting nuclear and conventional weapons of both nations.