ULUSLARARASI POLİTİKA - Deneme Sınavı - 5

Structural motivators /Push factors

Repression, corruption, unemployment, inequality,

discrimination, a history of hostility between identity groups, external state interventions in the affairs of other nations

Individual incentives/Pull factors

Sense of purpose, adventure, belonging, need for acceptance, status, material enticements, fear of repercussions from violent groups, expected rewards in the afterlife.

Enabling factors

Extremist mentors (extremist religious figures, right or left-wing charismatic leaders), access to extremist online communities, social networks with VE associations, access to weaponry or other relevant items, lack of state influence, an absence of family support

Structural motivators /Push factors

Repression, corruption, unemployment, inequality,

discrimination, a history of hostility between identity groups, external state interventions in the affairs of other nations

Individual incentives/Pull factors

Sense of purpose, adventure, belonging, need for acceptance, status, material enticements, fear of repercussions from violent groups, expected rewards in the afterlife.

Enabling factors

Extremist mentors (extremist religious figures, right or left-wing charismatic leaders), access to extremist online communities, social networks with VE associations, access to weaponry or other relevant items, lack of state influence, an absence of family support

Structural motivators /Push factors

Repression, corruption, unemployment, inequality,

discrimination, a history of hostility between identity groups, external state interventions in the affairs of other nations

Individual incentives/Pull factors

Sense of purpose, adventure, belonging, need for acceptance, status, material enticements, fear of repercussions from violent groups, expected rewards in the afterlife.

Enabling factors

Extremist mentors (extremist religious figures, right or left-wing charismatic leaders), access to extremist online communities, social networks with VE associations, access to weaponry or other relevant items, lack of state influence, an absence of family support

Among various motivations and ideological backgrounds of radical and terrorist groups, ethnically-motivated discourse occupies an important place. Nevertheless, from the Zealots to ASALA and from IRA and ETA to PKK, it should also be noted that religious, ideological, sectarian etc. motivations were also sometimes used at the same time by terrorist groups as well as the use of different motivations over decades to varying degrees.

As stated before, radicalization, and terrorism cannot be attributed to a particular religion, ideology, nationality, sect, or any other sort of identity and/ or mindset. Both rightist and leftist ideologies, at their extremes, can lead to radicalization and even terrorism. Several groups, such as DHKP-C in Turkey, Baader Meinhof in Germany, and Red Brigades in Italy can be mentioned under this category. However, it should be noted that neither primarily ideologically-motivated terror groups can be limited to these groups, nor the groups which are not clearly designated as terrorist groups internationally, such as Ku Klux Klan and neo-Nazi movements that can be identified as extreme-right groups occasionally resorting to violence (and thus can be classified as violent extremists, too, if not full-fledged terrorist organizations) do not carry out ruthless terror attacks against people coming from different ideological, ethnic, and religious backgrounds, including assaults, murders, burning homes and refugee camps etc. s

Within the context of radicalization, violent extremism, and terrorism, the Internet, social media, messaging and video apps are used for several key purposes, such as propaganda, recruitment, planning attacks, training, and collecting financial resources for attacks.