ULUSLARARASI POLİTİKA - Deneme Sınavı - 12

Muravska states that geography is characterized by internal homogeneity in terms of conditions of nature and mainly cultural, economic, and political processes. For him, normative regions are established by some legal acts for the implementation of certain functions with consideration of required resources and administration. The analytical regions are described as based on analytical requirements. They are classified according to geographical or socio- economic characteristics. Firstly, regional policy in this point is “a set of agreed and organized measures for ensuring development across certain territory”; traditionally, nation state. Regional economic policy or regional planning includes all forms of public interventions for geographical placement of economic activity. Secondly, regional policy attempts to make corrections in free market economy for attainment of two interrelated objectives: improved social distribution and economic growth.

EU regional policy is an investment policy. It supports job competitiveness, creation, economic growth, improved quality of life, and sustainable development. These investments support the delivery of “the Europe 2020 Strategy”. Regional policy is also the expression of the European Union’s solidarity with the less developed countries and regions in concentrating funds on the areas and sectors where they can make the most difference. Regional policy, in the example of EU, aims to reduce the significant economic, social and territorial disparities that still exist between Europe’s regions.

For Camroux, regionalisation can be defined as akin to “nation-building”, and “regionalism” can be defined as a process of “identity” construction akin to “nationalism”. For Camroux, to define “regionalism” as like many other “isms” is essentially ideational implying degrees of identity. It can be said that the confusion in the expression of regionalization and regionalism springs from the particular disciplinary parameters of the researchers involved.

The regional collective action of coordination is a form of regionalization that requires voluntary consultations and agreements in addition to possible resource sharing. It aims to achieve open consultation and access to information, and coordinated application of shared, best-practice norms and standards.

There are three distinct forms of regionalism as social, economic, and cultural. When social regionalism refers to the fact that the divergent electoral behaviour of different regions is often simply a reflection of their different social composition, economic regionalism describes the fact that the geographical concentration of a particular industry may lead voters in a region to develop a distinct sense of shared economic interest. Finally, the third form of (political) regionalism, is cultural regionalism that could emerge if significant groups of voters come to question the legitimacy of the state as a provider of public goods. Additionally, it is possible to make clear that economic and cultural regionalism emerge from a process of social interaction and various processes.

When looked at the establishment dates of the regional organizations, their establishment dates is as follows:

Euroasian Economic Union: 2001

Central American Integration System: 1993

Asia-Pasific Economic Cooperation: 1989

African Union: 2002

Arab League: 1945

When looked at the different types of regional organisations, East African Community, European Union - Turkey Customs Union and Inter-American Development Bank appears as Regional Economic (Development) Organization, whilst Collective Security Treaty Organization appears among Regional Security Organizations. On the other hand, The Organization of Islamic Cooperations is pointed out as a regional political organization.

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1994, creating one of the world’s largest free trade zones and laying the foundations for strong economic growth and rising prosperity for the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Since then, NAFTA has demonstrated how free trade increases wealth and competitiveness, delivering real benefits to workers, families, farmers, manufacturers, and consumers.

Rights to vote and be elected are active status rights

It's Syria where there is a civil war and the state cannot fulfill its basic functions

It started to gain its present meaning with the English Revolution

Arrangements done by the Hague Conventions and Geneva Protocol served as an important cornerstone in the formation of the Law of War

During the Cold War period security was prioritized more than liberties

Council of Human Rights is a UN organization

Except for the Human Rights Council, all others are responsible for promoting a way for individuals to complain about the violation of their rights

It's Constructivism which emphasizes identities and norms

Realists ignore human rights

Clive Archer (2001: 33) defined international organization as “ a formal, continuous structure established by agreement between members(governmental and/or nongovernmental) from two or more sovereign states with the aim of pursuing the common interest of the membership ”. Doğru cevap " A " dır.

International organization generally plays three major roles in international politics: instrument, arena and actor.

Instrument: International organizations are generally being used as an instrument by its members for particular ends.

Arena: International organizations provide arenas or forums where members to come together to discuss, argue, co-operate or disagree (Archer, 2001: 73).

Actor: The third role attributed to international organizations in international politics is that of independent actor. Doğru cevap " B " dir.

There are nine major functions that all international organizations carry out: interest articulation and aggregation, normative, recruitment, socialization, rule making, rule application, rule adjudication, information, operations. Doğru cevap " C " dir.