ULUSLARARASI ÖRGÜTLENME VE KÜRESEL YÖNETİŞİM

The Security Council was formed after the establishment of the UN. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

The League provided a model for the normative and institutional structure of the UN. It is a fact that the UN derived important organizational features from the League such as the Secretariat and Assembly. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Franklin D. Roosevelt was instrumental in the creation of a universal organization. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed at the Yalta Conference, held in February 1945, that the permanent members would have a veto right in the Security Council, particularly on substantive issues such as enforcement actions in case of threats to peace and acts of aggression. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The League of Nations is not one of the six principal organs of the UN. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Since UNICEF is a fund and Security Council has only 5 members and other options are not related to the question, the correct choice is C.

The General Assembly doesn't have a Committee which deals with enlargement between its six main committees. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

According to Article 24 of the Charter, the Security Council is mandated to act on behalf of all UN members. While Chapter VI includes the peaceful settlement of disputes with a range of non-coercive techniques, Chapter VII authorizes the Security Council to 'identify aggressors and to commit all UN members to take enforcement measures, such as economic sanctions, or provide military forces for joint action'. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Maintaining international peace and security is the primary objective of the UN. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Life expectancy, education, health, nutrition, and gender discrimination are the indicators of human development. Organic farming is an indicator of agricultural development. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The first concrete step towards the establishment of the UN was taken when US President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Churchill signed a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter in August 1941. The Declaration by the United Nations was signed in January 1942 by twenty-six nations fighting against the Axis powers. Representatives from China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States gathered at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington D.C. to draft the charter and main principles of the new international organization. They produced Dumbarton Oaks Proposals on the basic structure of the organization in 1944. The United Nations Conference on the International Organization convened in San Francisco, and the UN Charter was unanimously accepted on June 26, 1945. It officially came into existence on October 24, 1945. The correct answer is B.

Mingst and Karns identify five key events that had an important impact on the creation of the UN. These are:

The correct answer is E.

The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the UN. Each member state has one vote. Its major functions are to consider and make recommendations on any subject; operate as a central coordinating body among other UN bodies and agencies; consider and approve the budget of the UN; and elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council, all members of the ECOSOC, and non-administering members of the Trusteeship Council. The correct answer is D.

Another principal organ of the UN is the Secretariat, which consists of a Secretary-General and thousands of international civil servants responsible for the day-to-day activities of the organization. Unlike the General Assembly, the UNSC or ECOSOC, the Secretariat is not constituted of delegates that represent member states. The UN Secretariat comprises a series of offices and departments, each of which is headed by an undersecretary-general. Their work involves the implementation of the economic, humanitarian, and social programs that aim to fulfill the Charter’s promises. The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the UN. The SecretaryGeneral is elected by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the UNSC for a five-year renewable term. The appointment process of the Secretary-General is highly sensitive because any permanent member of the UNSC may use its veto power. The correct answer is A.

The pacific settlement of disputes is defined as the ‘diplomatic’ instrument of the UN that aims to help conflicting parties solve their disputes through peaceful and non-coercive means (Dogan,
2012: 131). The UN employs different techniques, including mediation, good offices, special envoys
and missions as well as preventive diplomacy. The correct answer is D.

The UN has contributed to global governance with regard to international peace and security in
two main ways, both of which are intertwined: operational and normative. First, the operational
contribution of the UN involves concrete activities in preventing, settling, managing, and resolving
conflicts. In this regard, the organization has developed several instruments throughout its
history such as the pacific settlement of disputes, peacekeeping and peacebuilding, and peace enforcement. Another major contribution of UN to global security governance is normative in character. This refers to the creation and promotion of new security norms and frameworks. It is directly related to the UN’s function of collective legitimization, which strengthens particular policies, positions of particular states, and particular values in international politics. The correct answer is B.

The pacific settlement of disputes is defined as the ‘diplomatic’ instrument of the UN that aims to help conflicting parties solve their disputes through peaceful and non-coercive means. The correct answer is A.

A truth commission is a temporary, nonjudicial body that investigates past human rights violation committed over a period of time. The correct answer is C.

Most of the criticisms and reform calls are directed at two of the principal organs: the General
Assembly and the UNSC. Critics of the Assembly underline that:

The correct answer is B.

The composition of the Security Council is the most controversial aspect of the UN and has been
criticized for several reasons:

The correct answer is D.