ULUSLARARASI İŞLETME

Ethical sourcing is the process of ensuring that products or services are obtained through responsible and sustainable methods. For example,
ingredients and raw materials that are used in a firm’s products should meet safety standards and source from suppliers who also meet social and environmental standards.

Economic sustainability recognizes the importance of providing secure employment while creating a healthy natural environment as the basis for a dynamic economy. Businesses can focus on limiting their use of natural resources in terms of water, land and air. They can adopt new
production processes to limit water usage (water conservations) or to limit the discharge of polluted waste into water, land, and air.

E-commerce includes activities supporting online transactions such as marketing, advertising and customer services. It refers to the buying and selling
of goods and services conducted over the Internet. Thus, the aswer is D.

EDI or electronic data interchange enables computer-to-computer exchange of
documents and transactions in a standard format. Therefore, the answer is A.

Option A refers to 'E-commerce', option C is an act of large international companies such as Microsoft, Coca-Cola, VW, and Nike, options D and E refer to 'ERP'. Cloud computing is the delivery of on-demand selfservice computing resources over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis from any connected devices and locations. Thus, the answer is B.

The benefits include cost-efficiency (as customers pay only for actual usage),
speed, flexibility, and elasticity (e.g. usage on-demand asneeded basis) as well as Audit and Compliance. Safety is not among the benefits. Therefore, the answer is E.

Options B and E are about 'variety', option A defines 'velocity', and option D refers to 'volume'. Veracity refers to data uncertainty. Thus the answer is C.

Maximizing downtime is not an impact of Industry 4.0 on business firms. On the contrary, it minimizes downtime. Thus, the answer is D.

First, an ethical issue must be recognized which is followed by examining the facts, creating and evaluating alternative actions, making a decision and implementing the
course of action, and evaluating the outcome, respectively. Thus, the answer is A.

The Common Good Approach refers to a certain general conditions that are equally to everyone’s advantage. Decisions should be made with considerations to the common good which includes the social systems, institutions, and natural and technologial environments. Thus, the answer is D.

The options A, B, C, and D belong to secondary stakeholders for CSR while option E is a primary stakeholder. Thus, the answer is E.

According to Carroll, there are four types of social responsibilities; philanthropic, ethical, legal, and economic responsibilities. Thus, the answer is B.

ICT includes all devices, networking components, information systems and applications, and other digital systems that are combined to allow people and companies to interact, learn, live and work.

ERP refers to a suite of computer software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage core business processes and activities such as marketing, risk management, and supply chain operations.

E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services conducted over the Internet.

E-business refers to the use of the Internet and other digital technologies to execute a firm’s business processes and activities and for the internal management of the firm.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

B2B or business-to-business e-commerce is the exchange of products, services or information between firms.

B2C or business-to-consumer e-commerce is the exchange of products, services or information between firms and end customers.

Private industrial networks or private exchange allow companies to coordinate transactions in all aspects and all divisions which enable collaboration and efficiencies for global operations.

Net marketplaces bring many buyers and sellers together to carry out transactions.

EDI or electronic data interchange enables computer-to-computer exchange of documents and transactions in a standard format.

Hence, E is the right answer.

E-commerce activities which are conducted through wireless handheld devices like smartphones and tablets are called mobile commerce or m-commerce. It is the fastest-growing form of e-commerce because of the global high adoption rate, the increase in devices computing power, and the availability of m-commerce applications or apps. Popular apps include the buying and selling of digital products and services such as music and movies, physical products, bill payments, and Mobile banking. Location-based services such as Uber and Airbnb (and a hundred others) provide services based on users’ current or intended locations. Therefore, withdrawing money from an ATM does not require to use any devices such as smartphones or tablets. Hence, B is the correct answer.

The four important dimensions to define and distinguish big data are:

1. Volume – the amount of data: Volume refers to the mass quantities of data that continue to increase though vary by industry and geographic locations.

2. Variety – different types of data: Varietyof structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data and data sources (traditional and non-traditional sources from within and outside an organization). They include texts, web data, tweets, sensor data, audios, videos, click streams, log files, etc.

3. Velocity – data in motion: Velocityconcerns the speed with which data is created, processed, and analyzed. It continues to accelerate with data created real-time. This enables decision making to be made instantly such as real-time fraud detection instead of detecting fraud after it takes place.

4. Veracity – data uncertainty: Veracity refers to the reliability of certain types of data. For example, weather and customers’ sentiments are inherently unpredictable.

Hence, C is the correct answer.

IoT devices need four capabilities to deliver value to businesses:

Identifying capability – each device must be uniquely identifiable, such as the electronic productcodes that are used in supply chain and manufacturing.

Sensing capability – use of sensors.

Communicating capability – ability to exchange information between devices.

Computing capability – ability to process instructions, often using the cloud.

Therefore, the right answer is A.

Blockchain's connecting all actors instantaneously is about time saving. That is; it substantially reduce the time to complete complex, multi-party interactions without a central authority. Thus, B is the right answer.

Technology diffusion happens when a new technology is adopted widely for general use over time. Thus, E is the correct answer.

Ethical issues in global business occur on many levels (Werhane, 2015):

• The individual-level – ethical or unethical behaviors in firms are due to the behavior of individuals, managers, and employees.

The national-level – businesses operate under the rule of law of each country that impacts the ethical behavior of individuals and organizations.

The international level – global businesses need to acknowledge and work through the various levels of ethical issues in question.

Hence, A is the correct answer.