ULUSLARARASI İŞLETME - Deneme Sınavı - 2

There are advantages and disadvantages of global functional structure. The most important advantage of this structure is that it is a simple and lean structure. Thus, it is much easier to establish a robust coordination mechanism in global functional structures. It also supports and enhances specialization within the organization. It allows an easier and more effective career planning for the employees.

Tale 5.1 shows that the primary orientation of polycentric approach is multidomestic.

Table 5.1 demonstrates that regioncentric approach involves regional orientation to staffing.

The basic characteristics of culture are as follows:

The correct answer is B.

The matrix structure enables an organization to focus on its capabilities and experiences and share its resources between its divisions, which, in turn, leads to efficient use of organizational resources. Especially when the environmental conditions call for specialization, innovation, and meeting regional needs, the matrix structure could be an excellent organizational design option. On the other hand, there are a few disadvantages of the matrix structure. First, it may lead to problems in authority. The dual authority that is inherent in the matrix structure may cause problems for both employees and supervisors since subordinates report to two supervisors in the structure. When not appropriately managed, the matrix structure is prone to communication problems. Finally, the matrix structure is a costly structure. Offering constant training to the employees and supervisors, and establishing an effective communication system are the essential for a strong structure.

Table 5.1 shows that the primary strategic orientation observed in the geocentric approach is transnational.

Usunier and Lee identify four significant elements of culture: language, institutions, material productions, and symbolic productions. The correct answer is E.

Targeting strategies can be grouped into three at the global level: standardization, differentiation, and niche marketing. Positioning is a strategy which aims to differentiate the brand in the consumer’s mind from the competitor’s brand in terms of the attributes and benefits offered by that brand. The correct answer is E.

Marketing mix elements, namely product, price, distribution, and communication, are the tools used to implement the strategies to create value for the global or international markets and capture value from them in return. The correct answer is D.

The pricing strategies for international markets are skimming, market pricing, penetration pricing, captive pricing, and global pricing strategies. The correct answer is A.

Figure 5.3 demonstrates the hirerarchical order of international involvement with field experience exerting the hihest international involvement.

According to Figure 5.3, the lowest level of international involvement is observed in environmental briefings.

Field Experience: Field experience means visiting the culture, walking the streets of its cities and villages, and becoming absorbed by it for a short time. This can also be thought of as practical training, which is aimed at helping the expatriate and his/her family ease themselves into daily life in the host country

Environmental Briefings and Cultural Orientations: Environmental (area) briefings constitute the most basic level of training—often the starting point for studying other cultures. Briefings include information on local housing, health care, transportation, schools, and climate.

A largely overlooked but critically important issue in the training and development of expatriate managers is to help them make the transition back to their home country. This training and development are called repatriation. Many employees experience what is called the reverse culture shock upon returning home.

While deciding on the foreign distribution channels, an international marketer needs to consider these nine criteria: consumers and their characteristics, culture, the character of the channel, necessary capital, cost, competition, coverage, continuity, and control. The correct answer is C.

A famous telecommunications company, Orange, entered into Northern Ireland with the slogan “The future’s bright...the future’s Orange." The responses of the Irish market to the message were low due to a sociocultural factor; the color orange represents the Orange Order, the Protestant fraternal organization in Ireland. Catholic Irish decoded the message as “the future is Protestant loyalists” and developed a negative attitude towards the message and the brand. The company made a mistake in marketing communications decisions, ignoring the fact that the dimensions of culture, such as religion, attitudes, social conditions, education, shape individuals’ perceptions, and interpretations. The correct answer is B.

In the IP model, there are two types of variables: state and change.

Learning refers to the repeated application of linkage and leverage.

International human resources management (IHRM) refers to the planning, recruiting and selecting, training and developing, evaluating, and retaining employees for the international operations of international companies. In this chapter, international companies will be referred to as multinational enterprises. A multinational enterprise (MNE), also called a multinational corporation (MNC), is “a company that produces goods or delivers services in more than one country.” A multinational enterprise has its management headquarters in one (or rarely more than one) country, namely the home country (parent country), while also operating in other countries, namely the host countries.