ULUSLARARASI İŞLETME - Deneme Sınavı - 1

In the IP model, there are two types of variables: state and change. The change variables are the crucial ones since these processes change the characteristics of the focal firm and its environment and then trigger further changes. They involve knowledge development processes, including learning,creating and trust-building; and commitment processes, including reconfiguring resources and coordinating.

The state variables include both operational (resources, skills, relationships, and organizational culture) and dynamic (integrating, building and reconfiguring competencies) capabilities, commitments (the distribution of resources over the firm’s functions, its product lines, the countries where it is active, and the networks in which it has invested), and the performance of the firm.

The LLL framework has three pillars: linkage, leverage, and learning.

Leverage refers to gaining access to resources which are outside the firm and which can be incorporated through specific tactics.

Linkage refers to connecting and making business with resource-rich companies or companies already active in the target market.

Exporting is an entry mode through which products produced in one country are sold to customers in the other country or countries.

International Business, on the other hand, refers to the exchange of goods and services across the border between two or more nations.

Sociologists approach globalization in terms of the rising of global culture and global companies’ dominance in creating and sustaining it.

Johnson and Turner (2003: 12-25) developed three dimensions to address this question: scope, intensity, and sensitivity.

Scope refers to “the extent to which international economic integration is genuinely global rather than confined to the “triad” of North America, Europe, and Japan/East Asia.”

Intensity refers to “the depth, embeddedness, and extensiveness of the integration that has taken place, both between countries and within firms.”

Sensitivity refers to “the degree to which events in one part of the global system transmit themselves to other parts of the system.”

After World War II, experienced Western nations decreased the tariffs and facilitated the free flow of goods, services, and capital among nations. Lowering the barriers accelerated the economic growth rates globally.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiation rounds which were kickedoff in 1986 in Punta del Este, Uruguay was finalized in 1994 and resulted in the foundation of the WTO.

Reshoring is the process of bringing production back to the developed nations.

The IMF promotes international financial stability and monetary cooperation along with sustainable economic growth to facilitate international trade. It was formed in July 1944.