ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ II

The idea of critical theory particularly originates from the work of Immanuel Kant and Karl Marx who, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, advanced different revolutionary ideas of how the world could be reordered and transformed. The correct answer is C.

Some of the most prominent figures of the first generation of critical theorists were Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), Theodor Adorno (1903-1969), Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979), Walter Benjamin (1892-1940), Friedrich Pollock (1894-1970), Leo Lowenthal (1900- 1993), and Eric Fromm (1900-1980). However, since the 1970s, a second-generation began with Jürgen Habermas, who, among other merits, contributed to the opening of a dialogue between the so-called continental and analytic traditions. Therefore, Jürgen Habermas is not among the first generation of critical theorists. The answer is B.

The idea of both “suffering” and “happiness” takes place in Max Horkheimer’s works. The correct answer is A.

The Institute for Social Research (Institut für Sozialforschung) was the creation of Felix Weil, who was able to use money from his father’s grain business to finance the Institute. The correct answer is E.

The consideration of psychoanalysis by the Frankfurt School was also due to Horkheimer’s encouragement. It was Eric Fromm, nevertheless, who achieved a significant advancement of the discipline. His central aim was to provide, through a synthesis of Marxism and psychoanalysis, “the missing link” between ideological superstructure and socio-economic base. The correct answer is B.

The theory was particularly developed by John L. Austin and John Searle, who argued that the order of words has primary meaning and clearly convey the messages of the speaker. The correct answer is D.

Positivist epistemology is supported by the claims of a neutral, non-normative, and value-free production of knowledge. This intellectual project produces its research agenda by perceiving science as an aggregation of regularities that can be discovered, assembled, and generalized. The correct answer is C.

Robert Cox he argues that theory is always for someone and for some purpose. The correct answer is D.

The critical project connecting Linklater to Cox sets out to uncover all sorts of hegemonic interests feeding the world order as a first step to overcome global systems of exclusion and inequality. Linklater’s critical project aims at reconstructing cosmopolitanism, drawing not from some abstract or utopian moral principles but from non-instrumental action and ideal speech (open and non-coercive communication), the assumptions actually developed by Habermas. The correct answer is A.

Critical Theory

account for

facilitators

Frankfurt

Fromm

Speech acts

Epistemology

science

transformation

Praxeological