ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ II

• It criticizes the Western world due to their colonies in Asia and Africa.
• It is a critical point of view against colonial authority in terms of economic, social and political aspects based on modernist arguments.
  What is the concept defined above?

• It allows the individual to exist as the only unit within all social fields.
• It does not permit the ontology of identities public representation and the original formation of the subject at all.
• It is shaped by the adaptation of scientific knowledge to the process of production and consumption in economy by separating space and time and in this sense, it is quite deterministic.
  What is the concept defined above?

• He is the pioneer of post-colonial theory in terms of both problematisation and terminology.
• According to him, it is necessary to play with the order of the new world created by the colonial man and to render his rules unworkable.
• His main claim is that it is the white man who created the black man and the black man himself who created the qualities of the black man.
• Which post-colonial scholar is mentioned above?

• He points at a simple fact by saying if colonialist’s life standards are high, this is due to the low level of the colonized people.
• It is not possible for the colonists to be unaware of the illegitimacy of their position, but on the contrary, the colonists demonstrate through their actions that they are aware that their welfare has actually been promoted through the misery of what they colonize.
• He put forward the ideas of “dual refusal” and “dual responsibility”.
• He experienced a dual exclusion from both the colonial and the colonized.
  Which post-colonial scholar is defined above?

• “Discourse on Colonialism” (1955) is his book which later became one of the most fundamental works of post-colonial writing.
• He advocates that the pseudo-humanism that is actually the colonialist has got a fake understanding of humanity. Pseudo-humanism makes the colonialist uncivilized and brutal.
• He uses the concept of Negro frequently in his work and being black he argued that they need simply awareness and this reality was identified by him to accept the fate of black, history and culture.
  Which post-colonial scholar is mentioned above?

• He suggests that colonial authority is necessarily rendered ‘hybrid’ and ‘ambivalent’ when it is imitated or reproduced, thus opening up spaces for the colonized to subvert the master-discourse.
• He is “something of a master of political mystification and theoretical obfuscation”.
• According to him, the objective of colonial discourse is to construe the colonized as a population of degenerate types on the basis of racial origin, in order to justify conquest and to establish systems of administration and instruction.
  Which post-colonial scholar is mentioned above?

• She is known to contribute to the problematizing of “Can Subaltern Speak” in post-colonial theory.
• She is also a researcher who came from subaltern tradition in India. Hermain contribution to post-colonialism and her work famous in postcolonialism is to explore and discuss whether or not to speak of subaltern.
• According to her, the concept of subaltern is concentrated on all exploited people.
  Which post-colonial scholar is mentioned above?

• Orientalism is the term used by him based on the assesments of the attitudes and perspectives of the Western scholars or Orientalists to legitimize colonial aggression by intellectually marginalized and dominated Eastern peoples.
• He also defines the term as: “Anyone who teaches, writes about, or researches the Orient, which applies whether the person is an anthropologist, sociologist, historian, or philologist either in its specific or its general aspects, is an Orientalist, and what he or she does is Orientalism.”
  Who is the scholar defined above?

• According to him, imperialism is a chain of foreign policies aimed at changing power relations between two or more states and destroying the status quo in their favor. He asserts it worth stressing not “what imperialism is” but rather “what imperialism is not”.
• Morgenthau, does not accept any attempt by states to increase their powers in the international arena as imperialism.
• He defines that imperialism is reversing the power relation between two or more states and rebuilds the status quo.
  Who is the scholar mentioned above?

• He was a liberal thinker and an economist who was one of the first writers to use the concept of imperialism and even inspired Lenin’s development of the theory of imperialism.
• According to him, imperialism stems from the wrong practices within capitalism, capitalists preferred to convert the surplus of capital into reinvestment in order to make a profit outside their own country, since there was excessive production but inadequate consumption in society. 
• The investigation of new investment and market opportunities for unused capital and non-consumable goods within the country leads to imperialism.
  Who is the scholar mentioned above?

I. Moving from the idea of God-centered to human-centered thinking, its sole purpose has been to defeat nature and to achieve a better and more beautiful life.

II. It allows the individual to exist as the only unit within all social fields. It does not permit the ontology of identities public representation and the original formation of the subject at all.