ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ II - Deneme Sınavı - 4

The main principal purpose of the conference was declared as “to serve as a practical means to encourage, and to provide guidelines ... to protect and improve the human environment and to remedy and prevent its impairment” with the General Assembly Resolution 2581 (XXVI).

The second important negative effect of the Cold War era for the environmental politics is the political polarization between states.

The USSR and Warsaw Pact nations boycotted Stockholm Conference in 1972 due to the lack of inclusion of East Germany to the Conference (Hill, 1972).

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The first wave focused on normative questions and political economic concerns with efforts to identify ecologism as a distinct ideology.

Green Political Theorists think exactly opposite way, claiming that the international community is already the main responsible actor for those problems.

Anthropocentrism refers to a human-centered worldview which regards the nature within the human values.

Sustainable development, which is a new phenomenon, is derived from the idea that both economic growth and economic protection can be maintained at the same time.

Shallow environmentalism is a term which is used for describing the environmentalists who assume that environmental issues can be solved within the existing system.

At such a time, 1973 oil crisis began and the idea was that the depletion of natural resources was inevitable, and so was the growth of technology and state

Major issues of the green parties were ecological responsibilities, social justice, non-violence, and grassroots democracy

Another significant development of the 1990s was the Rio Earth Summit also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).

Twenty years after the Stockholm Conference, Rio Earth Summit gathered in 1992 with a huge attendance from all over the World.

Anthropocentrism refers to a human-centered worldview which regards the nature within the human values. Modern human culture is based on anthropocentrism and positivist social science is based on anthropocentric perspective. An alternative view of the anthropocentrism is holistic “ecocentrism”.

Green theory of international relations (IR) is clearly different than traditional international relations theories in many ways.

Green theorists argue that the greed of states is the main source of environmental problems. As states act according to the relative gains perspective, they are more eager to solve environmental problems that concern their country most, but are reluctant about the solution of problems concerning common goods (e.g. water, air, oceans).

Deep environmentalism, or deep ecology or green perspective suggests that it is impossible to solve the environmental problems within the current system.

Shallow environmentalism is a term which is used for describing the environmentalists who assume that environmental issues can be solved within the existing system.

As we shall see, green perspective to security, encompasses the security of the whole nature therefore, Greens prefer the term “globe” instead of earth.

A green theorist, or ecologist, mainly argues that the development of technology is posing a threat to human existence and other species as well.