ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ II - Deneme Sınavı - 1

The first international meeting was the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972. The correct answer is A.

Environmentalists suggest that ecological and environmental problems can be solved by the elites of the international system. They always want states to get involved in a solution of the prevailing environmental problems because states are the only actors in international relations able to handle such problems. Quite the contrary, green political theory sees this standpoint very problematic. According to greens, the involvement of states is not going to solve the ecological problems, moreover, states are already harming the ecological balance and are worsening the scenario. The correct answer is C.

Anthropocentrism refers to a human-centered worldview which regards the nature within the human values. Modern human culture is based on anthropocentrism and positivist social science is based on an anthropocentric perspective. An alternative view of the anthropocentrism is holistic “ecocentrism”. The correct answer is A.

Ecocentrism is the term that Green Politics is mainly based on. The ecocentric political philosophy denies the human-centered view and denotes a nature-centered ethical view. According to ecocentrism, there is no supremacy over the creatures. So, ecocentrism denies the superiority of humans against the other living species. The correct answer is A.

Sustainable development, which is a new phenomenon, is derived from the idea that both economic growth and economic protection can be maintained at the same time. The correct answer is C.

Shallow environmentalism is a term which is used for describing the environmentalists who assume that environmental issues can be solved within the existing system. So, shallow environmentalists do not criticize the social, political and economic status quo. The correct answer is B.

Deep environmentalism, or deep ecology or green perspective suggests that it is impossible to solve the environmental problems within the current system. So, the only way of protecting the globe from the irreversible damage is challenging the whole system. To sum up, radical changes are needed to save the globe. On the other hand, shallow environmentalists do not criticize the social, political and economic status quo. The answer is D.

Green perspective to security encompasses the security of the whole nature. Therefore, Greens prefer the term “globe” instead of earth. The correct answer is D.

The major criticisms leveled against the green theory are: