ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ I

International regimes can be defined as explicit or implicit norms, rules, principles and decision making processes related to certain issue areas/subjects.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

Regime theory is a theory for explaining and understanding the international cooperation intending the coordination and harmonization of interest among nations.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

Where functional theories see regimes as more or less efficient responses to fixed needs, cognitive theories see them as conditioned by ideology and consensual knowledge and evolving as actors learn.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

The concept of regime would cause the question of the limits of state sovereignty. Because states in many subjects would face some limitations of international regimes which constrain their sovereign rights, so they are blurred to determine the subjects either domestic or global in character.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Robert Keohane elaborating the concepts of hegemony and cooperation in the study titled as “After Hegemony”, stated that hegemonic leader would assist to establishing order. Thus, the correct answer is D.

Some of the common assumptions of liberal and realist approaches to regimes can be listed as:

States operate in an anarchic international system.
States are rational and unitary actors.
States are the units responsible for establishing regimes.
Regimes are established on the basis of cooperation in the international system.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

Liberal institutionalists' approach to regimes:
1- Regimes enable states to collaborate.
2- Regimes promote the common good.
3- Regimes flourish best when promoted and maintained by a benign hegemon.
4- Regimes promote globalization and a liberal world order.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

Realists approaches to regimes argues that:

Regimes enable states to coordinate.
Regimes generate differential benefits for states.
Power is the central feature of regime formation and survival.
The nature of world order depends on the underlying principles and norms of
regimes.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

According to Zacher, since states might not have control in certain fields anyway and have to accept foreign involvement, they might prefer to form international regimes in their own domain in order to escape/refrain from uncontrolled foreign interference. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Responding to some other critics about assumptions of international regime theories
set forth by functional theories, regime theories argue that:

Theory of international regime claims that functional theories are related to mutual interest but the regime theories are related to common interests.

Functional theories are intending to explain the relations between certain states in certain areas, in contrast regime theories are related to all community of states.

Besides, functional theories are not explaining clearly where, why and when states cooperate.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

According to Keohane, regime theory is a theory for explaining and understanding the international cooperation intending the coordination and harmonization of interest among nations. This definition accurately describes international regime theory, while the other definitions are descriptive of the concept of regime itself.

Based on Krasner's definition of international regime, norms are standards of behavior defined in terms of rights and obligations.

The realist approach based on the prisoner's dilemma emphasizes that possible risks and uncertainties might cause refrain from cooperation while the cognitivist approach implies that regimes would encourage and institutionalize the mutuality of international relations, while the principle of reciprocity would prevent states from defecting from cooperation.

Keohane asserts that hegemony can assist in the establishment of cooperation, but also that cooperation is possible without hegemony as long as regimes exist to guide the way to such cooperation. Regimes merely regularize expectations. In addition, the rights and rules of cooperation may not be explicit, but may also arise from convergent expectations or even conflict.

Realists explain peace and order within IRT theory through the concepts of national interest and selfish interest. Functional theories explain it through the benefits of international organizations. Liberals, however, assert that peace and order can only be achieved by the increase in the number of democratic states.

While liberal institutionalists assert that regimes promote the common good for all parties involved, promoting globalization and a liberal world order, realists assert that power is the central figure of regime formation and survival which therefore means that regimes generate differential benefits for states depending on which states the regimes benefit the most.

While safe passage and the security of aid workers may be subject to international regimes, the act of providing humanitarian aid to war zones, famines and natural disasters is a unilateral decision that does not jeopardize the interests of others. Similarly, coalitions are established for humanitarian aid in which all states providing aid (and often the state receiving aid) have a common interest to behave similarly, negating the necessity for an international regime.

Stone argues that regime theories are constructed on the theory of hegemony that refers to asymmetric relations among states, and therefore it derived from the American hegemony that began after WW II.

Regimes themselves are products of efforts to conciliate conflicting interests. The other options would all be limiting factors that would dissuade or prevent a state from establishing regimes.

Regimes are established on the basis of cooperation in the international system. The reasoning and benefits to such cooperation is approached differently by realists and liberals. Realists assume regimes create differential benefits while liberals assume they promote the common good.