ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİLERİ I - Deneme Sınavı - 12

Defensive realism which is further developed by Stephen Walt who, in the same vein, put forward the balance of threat theory according to which states react not to imbalances of power but to an imbalance of threat (Walt, 1987: 263).

Gideon Rose (1998) says, “it [neoclassical realism] explicitly incorporates both external and internal variables, updating and systematizing certain insights drawn from classical realist thought.”

Neoclassical realists agree with neorealist assumption that the primary factor that shapes foreign policy choices of states is their relative power at international level.

One of the precursors of neoclassical realism is Gideon Rose.

In classical liberalism, individual is the main object of study (unit of analysis), not groups, societies or nations. The correct answer is B.

There are six key concepts of classical liberal philosophy that are commonly mentioned by the liberal writers, these are; individualism, freedom, natural law, spontaneous order, rule of law and limited state. Priority of national interests is one of the concepts of classical realism. The correct answer is A.

Politics

individual

Natural order

nationalism

Cold War

realists

Its lack of a development-centered approach

Commercial

Realism

conflicts among the countries

The liberal thinkers discuss that international cooperation, just like conflict, emanates from the anarchic nature of the international system and argue that IR is an amalgam of conflictual and collaborative relations. Liberal tradition is cooperative in its nature because of its emphasis on human freedom which is thought to cumulate through cooperation, interaction and interdependence. Another assumption of the theory is that political and economic behaviors cannot be seperated from each other. The correct answer is B.

There are six key concepts of classical liberal philosophy that are commonly mentioned by the liberal writers, these are; individualism, freedom, natural law, spontaneous order, rule of law and limited state. According to classical liberal writers, social phenomena can only be understood through the study of the individual behavior and this gives the theory its voluntaristic characteristic. The classical liberals emphasize the importance of freedom; protection from intrusion and interference by others. The natural law denotes the customs and practices that serve as the general conditions to be preserved. Another key concept used by liberals is the spontaneous (natural) order which is composed of informal tacit contracts such as customs or conventions. The state is a set of governmental institutions and is a political entity.  According to classical liberals, the sovereign (state) has three duties; (1) protection of its people from invasion of other states, (2) protection of each individual in society from oppression of other member(s) including protection of property and (3) provision of public services and sustainability of the societal institutions important for both individual freedom and peaceful coexistence. The correct answer is D.

According to the liberal theory of international relations, any treats to free market can lead to conflicts and also threaten world peace and democracy. Economic organizations interfere with the free market, so they are not in conformity with the classical liberal tradition. The correct answer is C.

Functionalism, neo-functionalism, interdependence and transnationalism are all terms drived from the liberal internationalism. Global governance is a theory coined by neoliberal institutionalists. The correct answer is E.