ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK

Cimbri killers, Zealots, Sicarii and Assassins are among the terrorist groups before Modernity (dating back to 17th century). The correct answer is C.

Modernity is a period dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries and extending to the mid-20th century. It is a historical era that refers to concepts such as the nation state, nationalism, industrialization, proletariat, nuclear family, secularism, urbanization, democracy, bureaucracy, bourgeoisie, the rule of law. The correct answer is E.

Inquisition, a judicial procedure and later an institution that was established by the papacy and, sometimes, by secular governments to combat heresy. However, it even dates back to the11th century  Through the inquisition, those who were believed to have acted contrary to the doctrines of the Catholic Church were condemned as misbelievers. Then, they were first excommunicated and later transferred to the courts to ‘leave the world’. The method for ‘leaving the world’ included various forms of torture such as auto-da-fe and drownings. The inquisition was revived and reinvented in the fight against the Protestants in the 16th century. The correct answer is D.

Modernity is a period dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries and extending to the mid-20th century.

Another group, the Assassins, was established by Hassan-i Sabbah in 1090.

Inquisition, a judicial procedure and later an institution that was established by the papacy and, sometimes, by secular governments to combat heresy.

In terms of etymology, terrorism was used for the first time in the dictionary of French Academy in 1789 to explain the Reign of Terror, the period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794.

For example, Başeren examines the definition of terrorism through such parameters as motive, instrument, goal, and intent.

This typology classifies terrorism and terrorists into five distinctive subgroups: by location (domestic, international, non-state, state-sponsored, internecine), by personality trait, by purpose, by target, and by issue.

This typology classifies terrorism and terrorists into five distinctive subgroups: by location, by personality trait, by purpose, by target, and by issue (revolutionary, political, etc.).

Subjective reasons include cultural and social-psychological reasons whereas objective reasons refer to misgovernment, loose democracy, poverty, wealth inequality, ignorance, intellectual awakening, and intellectual stimulation.

The number of fatalities reached a peak in the mid 2010s with more than 40.000 people killed.

Today, groups or states employ yet another method to realize their political objectives: using some other states, groups or organizations instead of directly fighting with each other - which is called “proxy wars.”

In the secular context, terrorism dates back to the end of the 18th century and the early 19th century. In terms of etymology, terrorism was used for the first time in the dictionary of French Academy in 1789 to explain the Reign of Terror, the period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794. The correct answer is A.

In defining terrorism, it may be helpful to employ such parameters as motive, instrument, goal, and intent. The correct answer is B.

Motive is the reason for the act that the perpetrator has, works to satsify, and operates from. The correct answer is A.

The reasons (causes) for terrorism can be classified into two main categories: subjective reasons and objective reasons. Subjective reasons include cultural and social-psychological reasons, whereas objective reasons refer to misgovernment, loose democracy, poverty, wealth inequality, ignorance, intellectual awakening, and intellectual stimulation. The correct answer is D.

Iraq, Iran, Syria, Libya, Cuba, North Korea, and Sudan are the rouge states from the perspective of the American government as of 2003. (As of today, the rogue states are Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria, North Korea, Nicaragua and Venezuela - Maduro government). The correct answer is B.

Today, groups or states employ yet another method to realize their political objectives: using some other states, groups or organizations instead of directly fighting with each other- which is called “proxy wars.” The correct answer is C.

The Financial Action Task Force, The Global Counterterrorism Forum, Inter-American Counter-Terrorism Committee and The Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force are some of the international efforts to fight against terrorism. The correct answer is E.