ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK

First, the dynamics of international security have changed the power distribution across the board. Nowadays not only the United States but also the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China, and the European Union are considered “big powers.”

Second, the increase in the volume of global trade, international communication and travel as well as the emergence of the Industry 4.0 have created an integrated global economy and made it necessary to take into account some new actors, means, and perspectives for sustaining and promoting international security.

Third, globalization and interdependence may lead to a butterfly effect in that local problems may turn into major international threats and challenges that would affect regional and global security.

Finally, because there is no one institution that would act as a global government and create a just global system, globalization, in fact, functions in a way to increase international anarchy and complexity. This, in turn, heightens security concerns and calls for a creative problem-solving approach.

Asymmetrical warfare is defined as threats outside the range of conventional warfare and attacks that are difficult to respond to in kind such as suicide bombings.

Psychological warfare is planned psychological activities designed to influence behavior, perceptions, and attitudes affecting the achievement of political and military objectives.

Information warfare is a type of battle for the control of the digital space involving the whole society. The basic strategies of Information Warfare are to deny access to information, disrupt/ destroy information, steal data and manipulate data to change its context or its perception.

Cyber warfare is an extension of policy by actions taken in cyberspace state or non-state actors that either is conducted in response to a perceived threat against a nation’s security or constitute a serious threat to a nation’s security. It occurs when nationstate engages in cyber operations and use the Internet as a new battlefield in conflict.

Hybrid warfare combines both conventional (state-tostate) and irregular warfare (terrorism, insurgency, and counterterrorism). Nano-warfare is a newly emerging field in strategy to use nanotechnologies and molecular manufacturing for future horrifically effective weapons.

Asymmetrical warfare is defined as threats outside the range of conventional warfare and attacks that are difficult to respond to in kind such as suicide bombings.

Psychological warfare is planned psychological activities designed to influence behavior, perceptions, and attitudes affecting the achievement of political and military objectives.

Information warfare is a type of battle for the control of the digital space involving the whole society. The basic strategies of Information Warfare are to deny access to information, disrupt/ destroy information, steal data and manipulate data to change its context or its perception.

Cyber warfare is an extension of policy by actions taken in cyberspace state or non-state actors that either is conducted in response to a perceived threat against a nation’s security or constitute a serious threat to a nation’s security. It occurs when nationstate engages in cyber operations and use the Internet as a new battlefield in conflict.

Hybrid warfare combines both conventional (state-tostate) and irregular warfare (terrorism, insurgency, and counterterrorism). Nano-warfare is a newly emerging field in strategy to use nanotechnologies and molecular manufacturing for future horrifically effective weapons.

1. Preventive diplomacy

2. Conflict management or peacekeeping

3. Peacemaking

4. Peacebuilding or conflict transformation

Economic Security - Persistent poverty.

Food Security -Hunger, famine.

Health Security - Deadly infectious disease, unsafe food, malnutrition, lack  of access to basic health care.

Environmental Security - Environmental degradation, resource depletion, natural disasters, pollution.

Personal Security - Physical violence, crime, terrorism, domestic violence, child labor.

Community Security - Inter-ethnic, religious, and other identity-based tensions.

Political Security - Political repression, human rights abuses. Source: UN Trust Fund for Human Security, 2009, p. 7

1. Military security concerns itself with the two-level interplay of the armed offensive and defensive capabilities of states and state’s perceptions of each other’s intentions,

2. Political security focuses on the organizational stability of states, systems of government, and ideologies that give them legitimacy,

3. Economic security emphasizes on prioritizing access to resources, finance, and markets necessary to sustain acceptable levels of welfare and state power,

4. Societal security concerns itself with the ability of societies to reproduce their traditional patterns of language, culture, association, religious and national identities and customs within acceptable conditions for evolution,

5. Environmental security deals with the maintenance of local and planetary biosphere as well as space in order to ensure continued existence of all human beings.

Examples of Main Threats

Economic

Security

Persistent poverty.

Food

Security

Hunger, famine.

Health

Security

Deadly infectious disease,

unsafe food, malnutrition, lack of access to basic health care.

Environmental

Security

Environmental degradation, resource depletion, natural

disasters, pollution.

Personal

Security

Physical violence, crime,

terrorism, domestic violence,

child labor.

Community

Security

Inter-ethnic, religious, and

other identity-based tensions.

Political

Security

Political repression, human

rights abuses.