ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK - Deneme Sınavı - 4

Today, groups or states employ yet another method to realize their political objectives: using some other states, groups or organizations instead of directly fighting with each other - which is called “proxy wars.”

In the secular context, terrorism dates back to the end of the 18th century and the early 19th century. In terms of etymology, terrorism was used for the first time in the dictionary of French Academy in 1789 to explain the Reign of Terror, the period of the French Revolution from September 5, 1793, to July 27, 1794. The correct answer is A.

In defining terrorism, it may be helpful to employ such parameters as motive, instrument, goal, and intent. The correct answer is B.

Motive is the reason for the act that the perpetrator has, works to satsify, and operates from. The correct answer is A.

The reasons (causes) for terrorism can be classified into two main categories: subjective reasons and objective reasons. Subjective reasons include cultural and social-psychological reasons, whereas objective reasons refer to misgovernment, loose democracy, poverty, wealth inequality, ignorance, intellectual awakening, and intellectual stimulation. The correct answer is D.

Iraq, Iran, Syria, Libya, Cuba, North Korea, and Sudan are the rouge states from the perspective of the American government as of 2003. (As of today, the rogue states are Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria, North Korea, Nicaragua and Venezuela - Maduro government). The correct answer is B.

Today, groups or states employ yet another method to realize their political objectives: using some other states, groups or organizations instead of directly fighting with each other- which is called “proxy wars.” The correct answer is C.

The Financial Action Task Force, The Global Counterterrorism Forum, Inter-American Counter-Terrorism Committee and The Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force are some of the international efforts to fight against terrorism. The correct answer is E.

Balance of power refers to a condition in which no one state predominates over others. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

The concept of human security was first used in the 1994 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as “safety from chronic threats such as hunger, disease and repression, and protection from sudden and harmful disruptions in the patterns of daily life whether in homes, in jobs, or in communities”. The correct answer is A.

Soft balancing suggests the use of diplomatic and cultural means by the states. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The multidimensional aspect of human security view encompasses all possible forms of threat to human security, including political, economic, environmental, and social threats. Moreover, this broader view was embraced in the 1994 Human Development Report under seven main domains: economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security, and political security. The correct answer is B.

Leaders of the Third World countries seek alliances to counter both internal and external threats to their rule. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

There are some general characteristics of human security. First, human security has become a concern of everyone; thus, it is universal - not local. Second, the interdependent character of human security threats necessitates the cooperation of states in security issues. Third, the human security approach attaches greater importance to early prevention than intervention because the cost of late intervention may be very high. Finally, the individual-centered approach of human security is indisputable. The correct answer is E.

(In historical order) the end of Cold War, the Non-Aligned, the Group of Seventy Seven and Lysoen Declaration all contributed to the evolution of human security. The correct answer is C.

The Commission on Human Security specified the priorities of human security as follows:

The correct answer is D

The principal goal of alliances is to ensure political sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security on the basis of collective military defence. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

The 21st century presents a new approach to security threats, which are called non-traditional security (NTS) threats, also known as non-military threats, to better understand world politics and take the necessary measures to sustain and promote the international order. Among the critical NTS are environmental security, economic security, the security of food and water resources. Other NTS include migration, climate change, diseases and pandemics, social issues, human trafficking and drugs. The correct answer is B.

In 1972, the Club of Rome released a report, Limits of Growth, in which it was suggested that if the then economic patterns continued, the world would soon experience an ecological disaster. Limits of Growth was the first report that has warned that humanity is on the verge of a global economic and ecological destruction. The correct answer is C.

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939 between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany during World War II is an example of a non-aggression treaty. Therefore, the correct choice is C.