ULUSLARARASI GÜVENLİK - Deneme Sınavı - 2

In the Hobbesian anarchical world, the raison d’être of the state is to protect its citizens and it borders from an outside invasion. The correct answer is A.

International security studies (ISS) is a sub-field of International Relations (IR). It has evolved from the disciplines of War Studies, Military History, and Geopolitics after the Second World War. ISS is defined as “the study of the threat, use, and control of military force.” It investigates how conditions make the use of force more likely and how the use of force affects individuals, states, and societies. The correct answer is E.

It is possible to classify ISS under two main approaches: Traditionalist and Critical. Military-oriented and state-centered conception of Security Studies (SS) and Peace Research are classified under the traditionalist approach whereas the Feminist Security Studies, the Copenhagen School, Post-structuralism, and Constructivist Security Studies under the Critical approach. The correct answer is B.

Buzan distinguished five models of security due to newly emerging diversity of perceived threats:

The correct answer is D.

The League of Nations was founded in 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference ending the First Great War. The correct answer is E.

Irregular warfare is a violent struggle among states and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. The correct answer is C.

Security means “the absence of a threat to the stability of the international system and international actors, namely nation-states, multi-national corporations (MNCs), international governmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), and armed non-state actors (ANSAs). Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is not one of them. The correct answer is A.

The concept of collective security can be traced back to the Greek-city states. The Amphictyonic League, The League of Nations and United Nations are collective security organizations. The correct answer is D.

It is possible to explain, analyze and understand the international security in six levels:

The correct answer is C.

Examples of negative peace are as follows: Absence of wife battering, rape, child abuse, dowry deaths, street killings, and war. Positive peace can be exemplified as the absence of inequalities and repression in microstructures leading to unequal life chances and less freedom of choice and fulfillment. The correct answer is B.

Child labor together with physical violence, crime, terrorism and domestic violence are examples of main threats to personal security. The correct answer is E.

Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes and Morgenthau can be considered to be classical realists. Waltz is a neorealist (structural realist). The correct answer is C.

Morgenthau outlines the “six principles of political realism” as follows:

The correct answer is A.

Self-help refers to a state’s reliance on its own capacities and resources, rather than external support, to ensure security and survival. The correct answer is B.

Offensive realism is a form of structural realism that portrays states as ‘power maximizers’, as there is no limit to their desire to control the international environment. Defensive realism is a form of structural realism that views states as ‘security maximizers’, placing the desire to avoid attack above a bid for world power. The correct answer is B.

Bandwagon is to side with a stronger power in the hope of increasing security and influence; ‘jumping on the bandwagon’. The correct answer is D.

The key concepts in critical security studies are:

The correct answer is C.

The Welsh School originally identified emancipation as a key concept for security and placed it at the centre of their work. The concept was later taken up by the Frankfurt School consisting of a group of German social theorists. The Welsh School was inspired by the ideas of Jürgen Habermas on emancipation. The correct answer is E.

The world systems theory is an approach to world history and social change. The most prominent proponent of the world systems theory is Immanuel Wallerstein. The correct answer is E.

Deconstruction is a close reading of philosophical or other texts with an eye to their various blindspots and/or contradictions. The correct answer is A.