TÜRK SİYASETİ

In the extract given above from his book titled The Prince, which of the following countries does Machiavelli mention?

II. Soldiers,

III. Merchants,

IV. Peasants.

Which of the ones stated above makes up the rayah group within the stratification system?

According to the statement above, with which of the followings does Deed of Alliance share similarities?

1. The disintegration of provincial order due to the corruption of the Sipahis
2. The dissolutionf the timar system
3. The development of new weapon technologies
4. The increasing trade of the Ottoman Empire with the West because of the capitalization
5. The financial burden caused by the long wars with Iran and Russia
   Which of these caused the disintegration of the classical Ottoman system?

• It is a treaty signed between ayans and the Ottoman State at the end of a meeting organized in the Ottoman capital.
• It was decided to reform the Janissary corps, to empower ayans with the authority to exert power on the bureaucratic officers assigned by the state, to guarantee the safety of the goods and privileges of the ayans and to include them in their heritage.
• The ayans promised to show full respect to Sultan, to provide armed power and pay their taxes.
• It is considered to be the first constitutional document, through which the powers of the sovereign were limited for the first time.
  What is the step of Ottoman Modernization is defined above?

1. It guaranteed the life, honor, and property of the subjects of the ruler.
2. A regular taxation system that would replace the tax farming system would be established.
3. It defined the frame of compulsory military service.
4. It signified the promise of equality before the law for all the subjects, regardless of religion.
   Which were the features of Edict of Tanzimat that was proclaimed in 1839?

1. It was a secret society established around the organization called “İttifak-ı Hamiyet”.
2. Young Ottomans, customarily from prosperous families, fled to Europe after an unsuccessful attempt of coup d’état in 1867.
3. The principal demand of this group was the construction of a constitutional monarchy.
4. The young Ottomans achieved their objectives on the adoption of the constitutional monarchy on 23 December 1876.
   Which ones are true about Young Ottomans?

1. The principal motivation which held them together, was the opposition against Abdülhamid II.
2. They were exclusively men. The majority of them was Muslim.
3. They believed that the strategies adopted by Abdülhamid II in the administration of the state would trigger the separatist movements.
4. Their objective was the adoption of the constitutional monarchy.
   Which ones are true about the Young Turks?

1. The rationalist policies of the post 1908 bureaucracy caused many people who were seen abundant to be removed from the offices.
2. The measures taken by the Committee of Union and Progress to pave the way for the officers who studied at the Ottoman Military College to reach higher positions in the bureaucratic hierarchy led to a great dissatisfaction among the uneducated military staff.
3. Ulama was aware that it would not be easy to maintain its effectiveness within a state structure controlled by the Committee of Union and Progress.
   Which are the main results behind the 31 March Incident?

1. The abolition of the caliphate on 1 March 1924 caused the opposition to establish Progressive Republican Party.
2. The founders of the Progressive Republican Party declared that they were against the republican regime.
3. Ankara Independence Tribunal requested Progressive Republican Party to be closed by claiming that the provincial organization of the Party was involved in Sheikh Said Rebellion and supported the rebels.
4. Progressive Republican Party was the first attempts of the transition to a multi-party period.
   Which are true about Progressive Republican Party?

1. The abolition of the caliphate
2. The closure of Medressehs and lodges and zawiyas
3. The law of unification of education
4. Removal of Islam as the religion of the state from the constitution in 1928
5. Introduction of secularism into the constitution in 1937
   Which of these are major developments in the secularization process?

1. Liberal Republican Party was the first attempt to adopt a multi-party democracy through the foundation of another opposition party.
2. Liberal Republican Party was founded by Fethi Bey through Atatürk's request in 1930.
3. Liberal Republican Party was presumably aimed to eliminate dissatisfaction arousing within the country at  the time.
4. Liberal Republican Party was closed by the regime.
5. Liberal Republican Party grew unexpectedly and won 30 out of 502 municipalities in 1930 local elections.
   Which are correct about Liberal Republican Party?