Aof Panel

Soru 1

The disintegration of provincial order due to the corruption of the Sipahis
The dissolutionf the timar system
The development of new weapon technologies
The increasing trade of the Ottoman Empire with the West because of the capitalization
The financial burden caused by the long wars with Iran and Russia
Which of these caused the disintegration of the classical Ottoman system?

Soru 2

It is a treaty signed between ayans and the Ottoman State at the end of a meeting organized in the Ottoman capital.
It was decided to reform the Janissary corps, to empower ayans with the authority to exert power on the bureaucratic officers assigned by the state, to guarantee the safety of the goods and privileges of the ayans and to include them in their heritage.
The ayans promised to show full respect to Sultan, to provide armed power and pay their taxes.
It is considered to be the first constitutional document, through which the powers of the sovereign were limited for the first time.
What is the step of Ottoman Modernization is defined above?

Soru 3

It guaranteed the life, honor, and property of the subjects of the ruler.
A regular taxation system that would replace the tax farming system would be established.
It defined the frame of compulsory military service.
It signified the promise of equality before the law for all the subjects, regardless of religion.
Which were the features of Edict of Tanzimat that was proclaimed in 1839?

Soru 4

It was a secret society established around the organization called “İttifak-ı Hamiyet”.
Young Ottomans, customarily from prosperous families, fled to Europe after an unsuccessful attempt of coup d’état in 1867.
The principal demand of this group was the construction of a constitutional monarchy.
The young Ottomans achieved their objectives on the adoption of the constitutional monarchy on 23 December 1876.
Which ones are true about Young Ottomans?

Soru 5

The principal motivation which held them together, was the opposition against Abdülhamid II.
They were exclusively men. The majority of them was Muslim.
They believed that the strategies adopted by Abdülhamid II in the administration of the state would trigger the separatist movements.
Their objective was the adoption of the constitutional monarchy.
Which ones are true about the Young Turks?

Soru 6

The rationalist policies of the post 1908 bureaucracy caused many people who were seen abundant to be removed from the offices.
The measures taken by the Committee of Union and Progress to pave the way for the officers who studied at the Ottoman Military College to reach higher positions in the bureaucratic hierarchy led to a great dissatisfaction among the uneducated military staff.
Ulama was aware that it would not be easy to maintain its effectiveness within a state structure controlled by the Committee of Union and Progress.
Which are the main results behind the 31 March Incident?

Soru 7

The abolition of the caliphate on 1 March 1924 caused the opposition to establish Progressive Republican Party.
The founders of the Progressive Republican Party declared that they were against the republican regime.
Ankara Independence Tribunal requested Progressive Republican Party to be closed by claiming that the provincial organization of the Party was involved in Sheikh Said Rebellion and supported the rebels.
Progressive Republican Party was the first attempts of the transition to a multi-party period.
Which are true about Progressive Republican Party?

Soru 8

The abolition of the caliphate
The closure of Medressehs and lodges and zawiyas
The law of unification of education
Removal of Islam as the religion of the state from the constitution in 1928
Introduction of secularism into the constitution in 1937
Which of these are major developments in the secularization process?

Soru 9

Liberal Republican Party was the first attempt to adopt a multi-party democracy through the foundation of another opposition party.
Liberal Republican Party was founded by Fethi Bey through Atatürk's request in 1930.
Liberal Republican Party was presumably aimed to eliminate dissatisfaction arousing within the country at the time.
Liberal Republican Party was closed by the regime.
Liberal Republican Party grew unexpectedly and won 30 out of 502 municipalities in 1930 local elections.
Which are correct about Liberal Republican Party?

Çözüm Açıklaması

In 1930, there was a second attempt to adopt a multi-party democracy through the foundation of another opposition party. Nevertheless, the opposition party was not established in its own dynamics. At the time, Atatürk requested that Fethi Bey (former Prime Minister), who was the Paris embassy, establish an opposition party with a liberal program. Atatürk requested from his sister Makbule Hanım and some CHP deputies that they register as members of the new party. Atatürk promised the Liberal Republican Party (Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası-SCF) founders that he would be impartial against both parties as the President of the Republic. SCF produced a significant impact in a short time. A large number of citizens from different areas applied to the party for becoming a member. The party completed its domestic organization in a short time. However, the growth of the party in a short time led to negative consequences for its political future. SCF participated in the local elections in October 1930, and won 30 out of 502 municipalities. The claims that the results of the elections were dishonest, made by the party’s leader, Fethi Bey, raised the tension considerably in politics. Some CHP leaders claimed that the new party posed a threat to their power. The tension between these two parties and the unease in his own party worried Atatürk as well, and he told Fethi Bey that he was the leader of CHP and would no longer remain neutral. This situation alarmed SCF leaders, particularly Fethi Bey. Therefore, in November 1930, SCF dissolved itself. He returned to diplomacy. One of these reasons why this opposition party was made to be founded by Atatürk was presumably to eliminate the dissatisfaction arousing within the country at the time. Indeed, the reforms in the early years of the Republic have caused dissatisfaction in the wider social sectors. Furthermore, economic difficulties in the country continued. Accordingly, it could be argued that the regime needed a controlled opposition (Zürcher, 2018, p. 211). In addition, the establishment of an opposition party was a functional tool for giving an image of a democratic country to the world. Nevertheless, it was unexpected that the SCF would grow in such a short time. Therefore, the attempt to create an opposition under the control of the regime was soon abandoned.

Soru 10

In the 1938 congress of Republican People's Party who was given the title of National Chief?

Soru 11

I. Soldiers, bureaucrats, and clergymen are included in the rayah (reaya) II. The soldiers are responsible for the protection of the land and undertake essential functions in the operation of the Ottoman economy. III. Ottoman cavalry corps (sipahiler) are responsible for collecting soldiers in wartime and a certain amount of the products from the villagers. IV. Social mobility was kept to a minimum in this administrative structure. Which one(s) are true about the administrative structure of the Ottomon State during its classical period?

Soru 12

I.The disintegration of provincial order II. The development of new weapon technologies III. The increasing trade of the Ottoman Empire with the West and its peripheralization as the requirement of the capitalization IV. The financial burden caused by the long wars with Iran and Russia Which reason(s) above caused the disintegration of the classical Ottomon system?

Soru 13

Which Ottomon Emperor started the first major reform initiatives in the military field?

Soru 14

Which statement below is not a characteristic of Ottoman modernization?

Soru 15

What can be said about Edict of Tanzimat?

Soru 16

Which person below was a member of Young Ottomans Society?

Soru 17

I. He suppressed a religious uprising against the Young Turks government in 1909. II. He forced the subsequent deposition of Sultan Abdülhamid II. III. He became the grand vizier (chief minister) in 1913. IV. After 31 March event, he became the inspector general of the first three army corps and minister of war. Which statements are true for Mahmud Şevket Pasha?

Soru 18

I. TpCF is Turkey’s first opposition party.

II. It was established under the leadership of Kazım Karabekir, Ali Fuat (Cebesoy) Pasha, Refet (Bele) Pasha, Rauf (Orbay) Bey and Adnan (Adıvar) Bey.

III. It was founded on November 17, 1940.

IV. The party opposed statism in the economic policies and defended the liberal economy.

V. The party was soon closed because they had too few followers.

Which statements are true about TPCF?

Soru 19

I. SCF was founded in 1950 as a second attempt to reach multi-democracy.

II. This opposition party was established in its own dynamics.

III. Under the influence of two founders, Fethi Bey and Ahmet Ağaoğlu, SCF adopted a liberal economic program, different from CHP’s approach.

IV. SCF drew a big number of citizens in a short time.

Which statement(s) below is(are) true for SCF?

Soru 20

I. Celal Bayar

II. Refik Koraltan

III. Alparslan Türkeş

IV. Adnan Menderes

V. Nihal Atsız

Which politicians below are among the establishers of Democrat Party?

TÜRK SİYASETİ - Deneme Sınavı - 8