TÜRK EKONOMİSİ

These services are announced in the WTO’s “Services Sectoral Classification List.” The services in the “List” as follows:

• Business services

• Communication services

• Construction and related engineering services

• Distribution services

• Educational services

• Environmental services

• Financial services

• Health-related and social services

• Tourism and travel-related services

• Recreational, cultural and sporting services

• Transport services

• Other services not included elsewhere

Goods are tangible physical entities, but services are beneficial activities provided by other people. Goods’ owners can change, but the services’ owners can not. Goods can be evaluated easier than services because services are highly variable for each provider. The purchaser can return a good, but services cannot be returnable in most cases

The three-sector model is the most basic model to classify a modern economy. This model was built by economists Allan Fisher, Colin Clark, and Jean Fourastié. This model divides the economies into three. The first sector is the primary sector that covers the extraction of raw materials. The second sector is the secondary sector that covers manufacturing. The third sector is the tertiary sector that covers services. The quaternary sector model and the quinary sector model are the extensions of the three-sector model.

“Exogenous Demand Shock Hypothesis” states that there is a change in an exogenous variable, which causes an increase in the total demand for services.

The services sector in Turkey has increased its share in the GDP from 52.7% to 60.2% in the last 20 years, from 1998 to 2017. However, if we look closely at the historical change, we cannot see any increase after 2001. After 2001, the share of the services sector in the GDP fluctuates between 60 and 63.9% instead of regularly increasing... There is a steady increase in the services sector share in employment until the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. With the impact of the financial crisis, the services sector share in employment fluctuated between 2008 and 2011 and entered into a steady increasing trend after 2011. As a result, the share of the sector, which was 47.3% in 2005, increased to 54.1% in 2017

The technical testing market includes services such as technical inspection, automotive testing, composition, and purity testing. Annual turnover in these services has increased over the last decade. In Turkey, the growth of sectors such as manufacturing, automotive, chemicals, and ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) increases the need for technical testing services (ISPAT, 2016).

According to the survey conducted by TÜBİSAD, the sector’s biggest problems are foreign exchange fluctuations and lack of qualified talent

Also, as in the case of Russia, bilateral political relations are of great importance. In the 1972-2018 period, according to the country distribution of the international works undertaken by Turkish contractors, the Russian Federation (19.3%), Turkmenistan (12.6%), and Libya (7.6%) were in the top three. These three countries accounted for about 40% of all work.

Consumer services are essential in terms of increasing employment. However, the added value produced in this group is proportionally low. Therefore, this group is less likely to improve the living conditions of the working population in the long run. Policymakers have to confront their choice to increase employment or increase competitiveness and productivity and promote activities that will have a multiplier effect on the overall economy (Vasquez, 2008). Turkey is not exempt from this challenge.

While 71.3% of those employed in cultural employment worked full time, 28.7% worked part-time (TurkStat, 2019-i).

The services sector produces products that do not have physical entities.

The quinary sector model divides the economy into five.

Our book counts five reasons for the Tertiarisation.

In Turkey, “Technology Development Zones” was established by Law No. 4691 on technology development zones in 2001.

According to figure 6.4 in our textbook, in Turkey, Iraqi people bought the highest number of houses between 2015 and 2018.

In Turkey, the radios were opened to advertising in 1951.

In 2018, the total amount of overseas projects undertaken by Turkish contractors reached 20 billion USD.

In 2023, the sector is expected to exceed 550 billion TL turnover.

The share of deposit banks’ assets in the banking sector is 88%.

According to 2017 tourism figures, Forbes Travel declared Istanbul as the 6th most visited city in the world.