Sectoral Analysis II: Industry
What year was the Izmir Economics Congress held?
the Izmir Economics Congress was held in 1923 in İzmir.
What are the sub-sectors of industrial sector according to Turkish Statistical Institute?
Industrial sector is separated into mining, manufacturing, and energy (electricity, water and gas) accordig to Turkey Statistical Institute.
What are the major manufacturing industries of Turkey?
The major manufacturing industries of Turkey are food, textiles, leather, clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, rubber and plastics, computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, automotive, coke and petroleum products, mining, forestry, machinery, metal, stone, and soil-based industries.
What sector had the highest number of businesses and employment during the independence war, thee year 1921?
The weaving sector had highest number of businesses and employment in 1921.
What was the purpose of the establishment of the Industrial and Maadin Bank founded in the first year of the Republic?
The purpose of the establishment of the Industrial and Maadin Bank was to provide loans to the private sector, to establish partnerships with the private sector, and to temporarily operate state-owned industrial enterprises and to transfer them to the private sector over time.
Who were the majority of the owner of the enterprises in Turkey during Ottoman Empire?
The ownership of the enterprise was almost entirely in the hands of minorities and foreigners in Turkey during Ottoman Empire.
What was the largest sector among manufacturing, agriculture and service in Turkish Economy during 1924 to 1929?
Agriculture was the largest sector with a share of 45,7% during the period of 1924 to 1929 in Turkey.
Which bank was established in 1924 to meet the financial requirements of the emerging domestic private industries?
İş Bankası (Business Bank) was established in 1924 to meet the financial requirements of the emerging domestic private industries.
What sectors has the foreign capital come into Turkey during the 1924 to 1930 period?
Foreign capital inflows have mostly come into large-scale manufacturing and mining, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the direct investment during the 1924 to 1930 period.
What kind of industrialization and trade policy has the newly independent nations adopted after World War II?
The newly independent nations after World War II have adopted import-substitution industrialization and protectionism policy.
Why could industrialization by the private sector not be achieved at the desired level in the first ten years of the Republic of Turkey?
Industrialization by the private sector in the first ten years of the Republic of Turkey could not be achieved at the desired level due to lack of capital, entrepreneurs, qualified labor, and external competition.
How Bernard Lewis defined statism implemented in Turkey after 1933?
According to Lewis, statism in Turkey, where private entrepreneurship and private capital are not working properly, the state comes to the fore as a pioneer, a manager in industrial activity for the main purpose of national development and national defense.
What period the first five-year industrial plan covers?
The first five-year Industrial Plan was adopted by the government and put into force on 17 April 1934 and implemented between 1934- 1938.
What is the main aim and feature of the first five-year industrial plan?
The aim of the first five-year industrial plan was to achieve certain increases in the production of imported consumer goods. So, the main feature of this plan is that it aims at import substitution.
When the statist policies implemented in 1930s and 1940s were abandoned?
The statist policies were abandoned after the Menderes Government took office in 1950.
What are the main industrial state-owned enterprises established in the liberalization period of 1950s?
The main industrial state-owned enterprises established in the liberalization period of 1950s are Machine Chemical Industry Organization, (1950), Meat and Fish Institution (EBK) (1952), Turkey Petroleum Corporation (TPAO), State Supply Office (DMO), Pulp and Paper (SEKA), Iron -Steel and Turkey Coal Enterprises’ (TKI).
Which industrialization/growth strategy was adapted after 1980 in Turkey?
Turkey has adapted an export-led economic growth/industrialization strategi after 1980.
The share of which sector in total GDP is the lowest in Turkish economy in recent years?
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing sector has the lowest share in total GDP in Turkey since 2013.
What are the manufacturing sub-sectors in which the use of imported inputs is significantly higher than the general average of the manufacturing industry of Turkey?
The manufacturing sub-sectors in which the use of imported inputs is significantly higher than the general average of the manufacturing industry of Turkey are the basic metal industry, furniture and other manufacturing industry, coke coal petroleum products, communication radio-TV equipment, chemical products manufacturing, medical-precision optical devices, electrical machinery equipment, and plastic rubber products manufacturing sectors. Sectors with use of low imported inputs are food products, beverages, other non-metallic mineral products, wood cork products and tobacco products.
What is the rank of the Turkish textile and ready-to-wear industry in the world exports?
The rank of the Turkish textile and ready-to-wear industry is the sixth in the world exports.