TÜRK EKONOMİSİ - Deneme Sınavı - 8

The industrial sector, which is one of the main sectors of the economy, includes industrial activities. The industrial activity is the transformation of raw materials into portable and usable products. In the narrower sense, the industry includes all production activities that transform the raw materials and semi- finished products into finished products by using labor and capital from the factors of production.

According to “Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) industrial sector is separated into mining, manufacturing, and energy (electricity, water and gas), respectively.

The manufacturing industry’s sub-sectors are also divided into three. These are consumer goods, intermediate goods, and investment goods.

According to “Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) industrial sector is separated into mining, manufacturing, and energy (electricity, water and gas), respectively.

The manufacturing industry’s sub-sectors are also divided into three. These are consumer goods, intermediate goods, and investment goods.

The manufacturing industry’s sub-sectors are also divided into three. These are consumer goods, intermediate goods, and investment goods.

The main reason Turkey was unable to protect its infant industries from foreign competition was that the Ottoman government had to maintain tariff rates at their September 1916 level as had been mandated by the Lausanne Treaty.

The first five-year Industrial Plan was adopted by the government and put into force on 17 April 1934 and implemented between 1934 - 1938.

When the Menderes Government took office in 1950, statist policies were abandoned, and a liberal period began in the economy.

Briefly after 1980;

Turkey adopted an export-based growth strategy,

Turkish lira devalued against the dollar,

Imports of intermediate and investment goods continued,

With the opening out, industrial branches that could not find a market could find a market,

Capacity utilization rates increased, and a competitive environment was created and costs per unit decreased with the economy of scale,

Increased quality of goods to be exported within the framework of integration with the World.

Industrial production refers to the output of industrial establishments and covers sectors such as mining, manufacturing and public utilities (electricity, gas and water). This indicator is measured in an index based on a reference period that expresses the change in the volume of production output. The industrial production index (IPI) is an economic indicator measuring real output in the manufacturing, mining, electric and gas industries, relative to a base year.

Weaving sector had the highest number of business (20.057) and employers (35.316) in 1921.

In the Izmir Economics Congress, Turkey’s economic decisions were discussed. Several decisions were taken for the industry at the congress. These are;

In 1933, the Industrial and Maadin bank was replaced by Sümerbank.

The First Five-Year Industrial Plan was adopted by the government and put into force on 17 April 1934 and implemented between 1934- 1938.

The promotion of exports instead of import substitution, the selection of agriculture instead of industry, and the preference of the private sector over the public sector were realized with the 1947 development plan (Vaner Plan) and the liberal period began.

During the first five-year industrial plan period, about 20 factories were established. Two large corporations, Sümerbank and Etibank, were introduced to the national economy with this plan.

With the law enacted in 1961, the State Planning Organization was established and assigned to prepare and carry out development plans.

The second development plan was put into force in 1968 until 1972.

In the second development plan, as in the first development plan, the principle of balanced growth of agricultural and industrial sectors was abandoned. According to this development plan, the industry was very important and should be the driving sector of the economy.

Several industries have the potential to become centers of excellence by 2041 including: Food and beverage processing; Agricultural R&D and services; Alternative energy; Automobile production and Tourism.