TÜKETİCİ DAVRANIŞLARI

Culture is learnt 

Culture is learned. Culture is not a system of values that is innate or transmitted by genetically. One learns culture through his/her family and environment after he/she was born. Cultural elements are gradually passed down from one generation to another by learning. From a marketing  viewpoint, it is seen that some advertisements introduce “a model to be copied” by using the method of indirect learning.

Culture meets a need: Culture meets a need. Culture exists to meet the needs of society’s members. It offers order, direction, and guidance in all phases of human problem solving by providing ‘tried-and-true’ methods of satisfying physiological, personal, and social needs

Acculturation: When discussing the acquisition of culture, anthropologists usually distinguish between the learning of one’s own or native culture and the learning of some ‘new’ (other) culture. The learning of one’s own culture is known as enculturation while the learning of a new or foreign culture is called acculturation.

Ideology:

Norm: 

A limitation to behavior defined by culture is named as a norm. For example taking shoes off when entering homes, offering drinks to guest, and starting serving from the oldest in the room. If the individual does not comply with the norms of society, the social groups do not approve his/her behavior and thus, he/she is excluded. Conformity to norms is sometimes rewarded (İslamoğlu and Altunışık, 2017, p.179). Norms are the standards accepted by a society and its individuals are expected to comply with them. They are the rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior (Bradley, 2002, p.94). Norms provide guidelines that regulate social life.

Content analysis

Content analysis focuses on the content of verbal, written, and visual communications,such as the copy and art composition of an advertisement (Schiffman, Hansen and Kanuk, 2012, p. 349).

Consumer fieldwork

The prominent characteristics of field observation are as follows (Schiffman, Hansen and Kanuk, 2012, p.350):

Family

Culture is the total of values and norms shared by the society’s members. It is expected the members of a society to comply with and behave according to the socially accepted cultural norms and values.  In addition to the family, two other institutions share much of the responsibility for the transfer of selected aspects of culture: educational institutions and houses of worship. In some countries, educational institutions are specifically responsible for imparting basic learning skills, history, patriotism, citizenship, and the technical training needed to prepare people for significant roles within society. Religious institutions provide and maintain religious consciousness, spiritual guidance, and moral training. Although the young receive much of their consumer training within their family setting, the educational and religious systems reinforce this training by teaching economic and ethical concepts

McDonaldization

Global consumption culture, as a concept on which all the countries today try to dwell and which is sometimes described ironically as “McDonaldization” and “Coca-Colonization”, refers to the acceptance of the same patterns, trends, and actions of consumption all over the world (Odabaşı, 2006).

Subcultures 

The culture in a country or a market can vary in terms of different values, habits, customs, and behaviors. There is no proper and thoroughly homogeneous culture in hardly any market. The reason is that a society consists of people of different ethnicities and religions and that different geographic structures create different cultures. The diversity of subcultures in a society is a richness (Koç, 2017). It is possible to say that the culture of a country or society consists of the two major sets of elements (Schiffman, Hansen and Kanuk, 2012, p.352):

The right answer is C) acculturation

The right answer is  C)    

II. Culture is learned

III. Culture defines community

IV. Culture contains abstract ideas

The right answer is E)    Ecology, Social Structure and Ideology

The right answer is C).   

Norms are the standards accepted by a society and its individuals are expected to comply with them. They are the rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior (Bradley, 2002, p.94). Norms provide guidelines that regulate social life.

The right answer is A)   Age subcultures acc. to Solomon are as follows:

Interbellum Generation: People born at the turn of the 20th century.
Silent Generation: People born between the two World Wars.
War Babies: People born during World War II.
Baby Boomers: People born between 1946 and 1964
Generation X: People born between 1965 and 1985.
Generation Y: People born between 1986 and 2002.
Generation Z: People born after 2003.

Right answer is  B)

Generation X is the group involving the consumers who were born between 1965 and 1979 and therefore, developed values related to the significant changes during that period. It is the group that represents individualism in the cycle of generations. Gen Xers who needed to work harder, to begin working at an earlier age, to take more work home, and to do and get more felt that they needed to make a difference. With the increase in the labor force participation of women of this generation, Gen X also claimed its place in history as a period with a lower rate of childbirth. The people of this cohort were always raised all over the world with the motto “if you succeed, then you are happy”. Thus they always tried to take initiative, make a difference, be a leader, and compete with themselves (Kuran, 2019b).

The Right answer is A) Value Scales

In value scales, consumers are asked to answer a series of questions that intend to find out their thoughts about fundamental individual and social concepts, including freedom, comfort, national security, and peace. Based on responses given to these questions, cultural and individual values and attitudes that are of importance to consumers are identified (Er, 2019, p.118).

The Right answer is  A) Technical Learning 

Technical learning is the process educators instruct children in an educational environment as to what, how, and why it should be done (Schiffman et. al., 2012; 344).

THe answer is C) Education Subcultures. It is called Social class Subculture.

Subculture categories: Nationality or Ethnicity Subcultures, Religious Subcultures, Geographic or Regional Subcultures, Age Subcultures, Gender Subcultures, Social Class Subcultures.

Right answer is A) I,II and III  (IV is not Baby Boomers it is X generation ) 

Interbellum Generation: People born at the turn of the 20th century.
Silent Generation: People born between the two World Wars.
War Babies: People born during World War II.
Baby Boomers: People born between 1946 and 1964.
Generation X: People born between 1965 and 1985.
Generation Y: People born between 1986 and 2002.
Generation Z: People born after 2003.