TEKNOLOJİ VE YENİLİK YÖNETİMİ

The strategic management process consists of four essential elements: (1) Environmental scanning, (2) strategy formulation, (3) strategy implementation, and (4) evaluation and control.

Strategic management is a process encompassing strategy formulation, application, and evaluation of the results.

According to the positioning approach, the creation of competitive advantage relies on the organization’s position in its industry.

The niche or focus strategy is based on the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. An organization adopting this alternative selects a segment of the market and tailor its offerings for that segment. The idea behind the niche strategy is that an organization strives to attain superior returns by identifying and positioning itself in the market’s sub-sectors.

Defenders are organizations that have a narrow product-market domain and do not tend to search for new opportunities outside of this domain.

Reactors are in a vicious cycle of responding inappropriately to environmental change and uncertainty, worsened by their reluctance to act aggressively in the future. In other words, reactors lack a consistent strategy-structure-culture relationship, and their responses to environmental pressures tend to be piecemeal strategic changes

Advantages of fast-follower strategy are (1) allowing market uncertainty to disappear, (2) learning from the mistakes of pioneers, (3) introducing superior manufacturing techniques, (4) introducing products with superior technology or design features, and (5) fine-tuning the marketing mix. Higher costs due to the hidden costs of accelerating development is one of the disadvantages of first-movers.

In the first stage, organizations make significant initial investments in generic research. Generic research constructs the pool from which fundamental revisions of the current technology are being made. Generic research is full of uncertainties and risks; thus, businesses tend to leave these efforts to government initiatives.

Production scale-up process is characterized by an increased commitment to the technology and formulating strategies for exploitation. Prototypes transform into marketable product.

Formulation of technology strategy can be stretched to more than twenty years, including six stages: Setting horizons (20+ Years), industry forecasting (10-20 Years), technology positioning (5-10 Years), Determining Technology Availability (2-5 Years), Appropriating Technology (1-2 Years), Managing Technology (0-1 Year)

From a broader perspective, strategy encompasses the ideas, decisions, and actions that enable an organization to succeed 

Strategy is a process. It sets a general direction for the organization to grow and develop rather than immediate action. 

Strategic thinking requires a sophisticated understanding level, which highlights the importance of structural explanations, designing the future, and systems-level of thinking. 

The trend toward digitalization resulted in more integrated economies is false. The correct statement is "the trend toward globalization resulted in more integrated economies."

It decreases resistance to change by giving logical explanations on decisions.

Differentiation, low-cost, and niche strategies are strategic alternatives that an organization can pursue to create better value propositions.

The strategic management process consists of four essential elements: (1) Environmental scanning, (2) strategy formulation, (3) strategy implementation, and (4) evaluation and control 

Successful accomplishment of innovation initiative requires a strategic orientation.

The reactors are the residual organizations who “missed the bus”.

Setting Horizons, industry forecasting, technology positioning, determining technology availability, appropriating technology, managing technology