SOSYOLOJİYE GİRİŞ

For Leach, “far from being the basis of the good society, the family, with its narrow privacy and tawdry secrets, is the source of all our discontents”. C is the correct answer.

All the statements are among the points of criticicism that the works of Leach and Laing has been received. E is the correct answer.

For Engels, the roots of the monogamous nuclear family lie in the idea of having heirs to inherit the property. Thus, the family was created to control women’s sexuality and assure the legitimacy of heirs of the males. D is the correct answer.

Feminists in general see the family as an institution in which patriarchal values are learned by individuals. They argue that sex and reproduction, the realms which are considered private, must be a part of political realm. Feminists also generally agree that although there are families that base on love and consent, many families are based on coercion and characterized by disagreements, even by domestic violence. Hence, A is the correct answer.

Among others, only Margaret Benston is among Marxist feminists. C is the correct answer.

Nuclear families are small and geographically isolated. Extended families are more crowded, include many members of the kin group and have geographic proximity. For nuclear families, marital bonds are more important than blood ties, thus they are named “conjugal families”. On the other side, blood ties are more important than marital bonds for the extended families, thus they are called “consanguine families”. Hence, B is the correct answer.

Endogamy is the practice of marrying only within a specific ethnic, social or religious group and rejecting people out of this group. D is the correct answer.

Patriarchy means the institutionalization of male dominance over women and children in the family,and the extension of male dominance over women in society in general. It implies that “men hold power in all the important institutions of society” and that “women are deprived of access to such power”. E is the correct answer.

Correct choice is C

The key concepts of the functionalist approach are order, balance, harmony, function and evolutionary (not revolutionary) change. Correct answer is A.

Functionalists are criticized in a number of aspects. Murdock in particular was criticized for ignoring the alternatives of the nuclear family. Correct answer is E.

The works of Leach and Laing has been criticized in a number of points:
• Neither has conducted a detailed fieldwork on family, and Laing’s work is limited to families with a schizophrenic member.
• The work of Laing, unlike Leach, lacks historical perspective.
• They give little or no reference to social class, or the relationship between class and family.
• Both examine only Western family.

Correct answer is B.

Radical feminists share the claim that women suffer in the family, but they do not accept capitalism as the main exploiter. They argue that women are exploited by patriarchy. For radical feminists, the most fundamental and universal form of domination is the oppression of women. The society is patriarchal or a male dominated society and family is a very important institution in maintaining male power. Correct answer is D.

- Nuclear families are small and geographically isolated. Extended families are more crowded, include many members of the kin group and have geographic proximity.

- For nuclear families, marital bonds are more important than blood ties, thus they are named “conjugal families”. On the other side, blood ties are more important than marital bonds for the extended families, thus they are called “consanguine families”

- In nuclear families, there is minimal contact with the kin group. However, kin group contact on a daily basis in extended families.

- Nuclear families are economically selfsufficient while economic dependence is high in extended families.

- The members of the nuclear family have to get emotional support and protection from people outside the kin group. In respect of the extended family, the kin network within the family provides a source of emotional support and protection.

Correct answer is C.

Endogamy is the practice of marrying only within a specific ethnic, social or religious groupand rejecting people out of this group.

The marriage rule permitting only one partneris monogamy. The opposite is polygamy, which includes more than one partner.

Matrilocality is the social system and a socially instituted practice in which the married couple resides with or near to the wife’s kin.

The practice of tracing the descent from female line is called matrilineality.

Correct answer is B.

Correct option is E

Michael Young and Peter Willmott, in their book entitled “The Symmetrical Family” (1973), trace the development of the family from preindustrial England in the 1970s. They argue that the family has gone through four stages. The first stage is the pre-industrial family stage. The family is a unit of production, with all family members working together, typically in agriculture or textile. Correct answer is C.

In Western familises; the rights of women and children are increasingly recognized. Single-parent families are increasing. The family size is declining and divorce incidence is increasing. But the influence of extended families and other kin groups is not increasing, it is declining. Correct answer is D.

Murdock claims that universal functions of the family are sexual, reproductive, economic and educational functions.The answer is E

The smallest family is the nuclear family, which consists of parents and immature children. The answer is A.