SOSYOLOJİYE GİRİŞ - Deneme Sınavı - 12

The works of Leach and Laing has been criticized in a number of points:
• Neither has conducted a detailed fieldwork on family, and Laing’s work is limited to families with a schizophrenic member.
• The work of Laing, unlike Leach, lacks historical perspective.
• They give little or no reference to social class, or the relationship between class and family.
• Both examine only Western family.

Correct answer is B.

Radical feminists share the claim that women suffer in the family, but they do not accept capitalism as the main exploiter. They argue that women are exploited by patriarchy. For radical feminists, the most fundamental and universal form of domination is the oppression of women. The society is patriarchal or a male dominated society and family is a very important institution in maintaining male power. Correct answer is D.

- Nuclear families are small and geographically isolated. Extended families are more crowded, include many members of the kin group and have geographic proximity.

- For nuclear families, marital bonds are more important than blood ties, thus they are named “conjugal families”. On the other side, blood ties are more important than marital bonds for the extended families, thus they are called “consanguine families”

- In nuclear families, there is minimal contact with the kin group. However, kin group contact on a daily basis in extended families.

- Nuclear families are economically selfsufficient while economic dependence is high in extended families.

- The members of the nuclear family have to get emotional support and protection from people outside the kin group. In respect of the extended family, the kin network within the family provides a source of emotional support and protection.

Correct answer is C.

Endogamy is the practice of marrying only within a specific ethnic, social or religious groupand rejecting people out of this group.

The marriage rule permitting only one partneris monogamy. The opposite is polygamy, which includes more than one partner.

Matrilocality is the social system and a socially instituted practice in which the married couple resides with or near to the wife’s kin.

The practice of tracing the descent from female line is called matrilineality.

Correct answer is B.

Correct option is E

Michael Young and Peter Willmott, in their book entitled “The Symmetrical Family” (1973), trace the development of the family from preindustrial England in the 1970s. They argue that the family has gone through four stages. The first stage is the pre-industrial family stage. The family is a unit of production, with all family members working together, typically in agriculture or textile. Correct answer is C.

In Western familises; the rights of women and children are increasingly recognized. Single-parent families are increasing. The family size is declining and divorce incidence is increasing. But the influence of extended families and other kin groups is not increasing, it is declining. Correct answer is D.

Murdock claims that universal functions of the family are sexual, reproductive, economic and educational functions.The answer is E

The smallest family is the nuclear family, which consists of parents and immature children. The answer is A.

If Murdock’s definition of family is accepted, there is no family in Nayar society because husbands and wives do not maintain a sexually approved adult relationship, and they do not live together or cooperate economically. In this case, either Murdock defined family too narrowly or the family is not universal.

The fourth point about the criticism of the works from Leach and Laing is wrong. The correct sentense should be as following: Both examine only Western family. The answer is A.

The sentence above is more likely to be demanded by feminism. The answer is C

For nuclear families, marital bonds are more important than blood ties. Nuclear families are temporary units and in nuclear families, there is minimal contact with the kin group. The answer is A.

In matrilineal social systems, the property and titles are inherited from women to their daughters.The answer is A.

Matriarchy is the social organization based on female power. In matriarchal societies the head of the family
is the mother. The answer is B

Women’s labor power, women’s reproduction, women’s roles and women’s sexuality as well as women’s mobility are under patriarchal control in the patriarchal system. Therefore the  answer is E

A recent change in family life patterns in Western societies is that more and more unmarried couples are having children. The answer is C.

Le Play recognized three main kinds of family, present in all parts of the world and in all ages of history. These are the patriarchal family, the unstable family and the stem family. Correct answer is D.

Protestant ethic was written by Max Weber and became famous for his explanation of the emergence of Capitalism in the West through asceticism principle of the Protestant ethic.

According to sociological approach, religion should primarily be taken a social rather than theological or psychological phenomenon.