SOSYOLOJİYE GİRİŞ - Deneme Sınavı - 1

Relative poverty is an individual’s, a family’s, or a social group’s deprivation of the necessary resources to get nourishment adequately, participate in social and cultural activities (at least the common and usual ones), and live a standard life of the societies they live in. Relative poverty involves the consideration of social needs besides the basic physical needs. Additionally, an average living standard of the society is considered differently from absolute poverty (Harlambos and Holborn, 1995, p.125). Considering the fact that nutrition, shelter (housing), and clothes are considered minimum living necessities to fulfill basic biological needs, the example above does not refer to any standard of living beyond these absolute basic requirements. Therefore the correct answer is absolute poverty.

• Among the personal reasons are personal
  traits, attitude and behaviours like an
  individual’s ability, responsibility, sense of
  discipline, and degree of frustration. In this
  approach, the reasons of poverty is sought
  in the individuals and it is presumed that
  he/she does not make an effort and does
  not attempt to get rid of poverty.

• Structural approach explains poverty
  within the frame of society’s economicpolitical structure. According to this approach, among the factors that affect
  poverty are: lack of economical growth,
  conflict on income distribution, features
  of labour markets, informal employment,
  low wages, insufficient employment
  opportunities, unorganized labour,
  unemployment, economic crises, shrinkage
  of public expenditures, short-course shocks,
  population pressure, migration, features of
  settlements, family structure, education,
  race, ethnic origin, and discriminations
  based on gender.