Aof Panel

Soru 1

I. Persia
II. Greece
III. Sassanid
IV. Arab
V. Finland

Which of the above have occupied Azerbaijan?

Soru 2

Which of the following contributed to the independency of Transcaucasia?

Soru 3

Which event overthrew the Elchibey government?

Çözüm Açıklaması

The military took full control of Baku within a few hours. Nevertheless, on January 20, 1990, Moscow essentially lost Azerbaijan. Immediately after the intervention, the President of the Azerbaijan SSR Communist Party, Abdurrahman Vezirov, was dismissed and replaced by Ayaz Mütellibov, then Chairman of the Council of Ministers. From the first day of his government, Müttelibov tried to rule the country only with Moscow’s decisions, which later led to the unification of all opposition forces against him.

( Choice A, C) The failed coup in Moscow, which was established to save the USSR in Moscow, on 19-21 August, resulted in the separation of the Soviet republics from the USSR by declaring their independence. Azerbaijan declared independence on October 18, 1991.

( Answer B) On June 4, 1993, Colonel Suret Hüseyinov, supported by Russia, made a coup in Ganja. With the help of pro-Russian political forces in the government and the Parliament, the Elchibey government was overthrown.

Choice D) After the 1994 ceasefire agreement, the President of Azerbaijan, Aliyev, eliminated armed opposition in the country. As a result of these activities, Prime Minister Hüseyinov and Former Defense Minister Rehim Gaziyev, preparing a coup
against him, had to flee the country. Although they started a rebellion against the government in March 1995, under the command of former Deputy Interior Minister Rovshen Javadov, the Special Forces of former Karabakh veterans, they
failed. With the elimination of this unit by the army, armed opposition units in Azerbaijan were ended. Javadov was the last armed revolt in Aliyev’s
Azerbaijan and the turning point after which the government regained its monopoly on the use offorce (Cornell, 2001, pp. 300–302).

Choice E) is related to “Agreement of the Century,” (choice D) the 1994 ceasefire agreement, the President of Azerbaijan, Aliyev, eliminated armed opposition in the country. As a result of these activities, Prime Minister Hüseyinov and Former Defense Minister Rehim Gaziyev, preparing a coup against him, had to flee the country One of the most important events of the Aliyev period was the signing of the Oil Agreements, which went down in history with the name of the “Agreement of the Century,” signed in Baku on September 20, 1994. In addition to Western oil companies, Turkish and Russian oil companies were also included in this agreement. This clearly shows that Aliyev was following a balanced policy in foreign politics. The right answer is B.

Soru 4

Which of the following can be associated with the Turkmenchay Treaty?

Çözüm Açıklaması

This policy of Peter I was continued by all the Tsars who came to power after him. As a result of the resettlement policy of the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number of Armenians in the South Caucasus increased from 300,000 to 1,300,000, and the Russian historians themselves acknowledge that this resettlement was organized by the Russian government (Shavrov, 1911, p. 64). This resettlement was formalized by the Turkmenchay Treaty signed in 1828 after the Russo-Iranian war.

Coups in Moscow and Ganja:

The military took full control of Baku within a few hours. Nevertheless, on January 20, 1990, Moscow essentially lost Azerbaijan. Immediately after the intervention, the President of the Azerbaijan SSR Communist Party, Abdurrahman Vezirov, was dismissed and replaced by Ayaz Mütellibov, then Chairman of the Council of Ministers. From the first day of his government, Müttelibov tried to rule the country only with Moscow’s decisions, which later led to the unification of all opposition forces against him. The failed coup in Moscow, which was established to save the USSR in Moscow, on 19-21 August, resulted in the separation of the Soviet republics from the USSR by declaring their independence. Azerbaijan declared independence on October 18, 1991. On June 4, 1993, Colonel Suret Hüseyinov, supported by Russia, made a coup in Ganja. With the help of pro-Russian political forces in the government and the Parliament, the Elchibey government was overthrown.

The Bishkek Protocol During the presidency of Ter-Petrosian from 1991 to 1998, the Republic of Armenia experienced important events both in its domestic and foreign policy. Although Ter Petrosian tried to present the Karabakh problem to international organizations as the problem of Armenians living in Nagorno- Karabakh, not Armenia, the war between Azerbaijan and Armenia (1992-1994) also coincided with his term. This war resulted in the occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and 7 Azerbaijani districts around it by the Armenian armies due to the internal situation in Azerbaijan. The Bishkek Protocol, which provides a ceasefire between these two states, was signed in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan’s capital, on May 14, 1994 (Bell, 2005, p. 326). The right answer E.

Soru 5

When was Heydar Aliyev called to power ?

Soru 6

When was the “Georgian Supreme Government” established?

Soru 7

The “RoundTable” regime is associated with which of the following names?

Soru 8

Which of the following was the direct consequence of The Rose Revolution ?

Soru 9

When was the status of the Autonomous Province of South Ossetia annulled by the Georgian parliament’s decision ?

Soru 10

When did Georgia switch from the Presidential System to the Parliamentary system?

Soru 11

Who was the first democratically elected president of independent Armenia?

Çözüm Açıklaması

One of the leaders of the Karabakh clan who forced Ter Petrossian to resign, Robert Kocharian, the second president of Armenia, was born in Khankendi, Azerbaijan. During the years when he was the head of state of the unrecognized “Republic of Nagorno- Karabakh,” Kocharian was also an important voice in Armenian politics. The murder of his political opponents in a terrorist incident in the Parliament during Kocharyan’s presidency damaged his political image.Serzh Sargsyan, the third president of Armenia, was also born in Khankendi, a city of Azerbaijan. Sarkisyan, one of the important figures of the Karabakh clan, could escape the influence of the leader of the clan, Kocharian, during his presidency, and gave the impression that the country was mostly under the rule of the clan leaders.

Nikol Pashinyan, whose name was not mentioned in Armenian politics until 2018, was out on the streets during the popular uprising that opposed Sarkisyan’s retake of the sovereignty after the changes in the Constitution, and although he was the leader of a political union with only nine deputy seats in the Parliament, he was elected prime minister under the pressure of the people. His Western-oriented policy was not welcomed by Armenia’s main ally in the region, Russia.

Mikheil Saakashvili graduated from the Institute of International relations of Kiev with honors and then enrolled at Columbia University in New York via the Edmund S. Muskie Graduate Fellowship Program. In 1995 he received a Master’s degree in law. In the same year he received an honorary diploma in Comparative Law of Human Rights from the International Institute of Human Rights in Strasburg. In 1995-1996 he studied at The George Washington University National Center of Law. In 2003, Mikheil Saakashvili, Zurab Jvania and Nino Burjanadze called together the society to protest the rigged elections. This ended with Rose Revolution and resignation of President Eduard Shevardnadze in 2003.

The answer is A . Levon Ter Petrossian

RUSYA, ORTA ASYA VE KAFKASYA