RUSYA, ORTA ASYA VE KAFKASYA - Deneme Sınavı - 4

"National legends such as Timur in Uzbekistan, Kazakh Khanate in Kazakhstan, and the Epic of Manas in Kyrgyzstan are glorified in every single place".

" Kazakh is established as the state language.. In Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz is the state language... In Uzbekistan, Uzbek is the state language... In the case of Tajikistan, the constitution defines Tajik as the state language."

Uzbekistan is the most populous country in the Central Asian region. Historical cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Tashkent served as capitals to different historical states.

German geographers (Alexander von Humboldt and Ferdinand von Richthofen)
first introduced the concept of Central Asia. They defined this region as a landlocked intercontinental space.

History attempts to explain the changes over time in human life, societies, institutions, political, economic activities, and relationships. In one sense, history is the study of things that have changed. In a way, history is one of the best ways to understand human experience and patterns of change withinsocieties, states, or the world.

Central Asia is topographically diverse as it is an immense landmass: great deserts such as Karakum, Kızıl Kum, Taklamakan, Gobi.

Eurasia, which includes Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, is one region where geopolitical games and power struggle has been intense.

Tatars lost their sovereignty in the middle of the sixteenth century

a Tsarist ideology was developed based on Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality.

The Russian Federation is the strongest and largest country in the Eurasian region as the true heiress of the Russian Tsarist Empire and the Soviet Union. Russia applies its geography and history to continue its primary position in the region. In other words, Russia attempts to preserve its geopolitical position in his “Near Abroad,” which she thinks she inherited from the Soviet Union, against other major powers endeavoring to fill the power vacuum that emerged in the region. To preserve its position, Russia puts pressure and control over the countries that gained their independence after the Soviet Union’s dissolution.

Moldova continues to be a part of the power struggle between the European Union and Russia.

the Central Asian region bears the names of Turan, Maverannahr, Desht-i
Kipchak, and Turkestan in different historical periods.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan has the secondlargest territory after Russia among the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union.

Uzbekistan is the most populous country in the Central Asian region. Historical cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, and Tashkent served as capitals to different historical states. For these reasons, Uzbekistan is the center of Central Asia, both historically and geographically.

the Ottoman-Russian War of 1828-1830.

a shortlist can go a long way in explaining what ruined the USSR:

First, the Soviet Red Army lost the Afghan War against the Mujahedeen. 
Second, the strengthening of the opposition in Eastern European countries, which the Soviet Union controlled after the Second World War, reached the level to overthrow their socialist governments. 
Third, Germany and Japan, which had lost the Second World War, became economically stronger than the Soviet Union from the mid-1970s. 
Fourth, Ronald Reagan, who came to power in the United States with the 1980 election, restarted the arms race and defined the Soviet Union as an “Evil Empire.” 
Fifth, the Soviet Union economy, which implemented the socialist central plan economy, was not efficient. Since the economy does not operate according to the demand-supply relationship, difficulties began to be experienced in the 1980s in accessing consumer goods. 
Sixth, the Soviet Union was a multinational state. Gorbachev’s reform policies also paved the way for openly expressed nationalist demands in the Soviet Union.

The Urals mountain range runs from north to south. This mountain range divides Russia into the west (Europe) and east (Siberia) and separates Europe from Asia (Blinnikov, 2011, p. 11).

The separation of the Caucasus mountain range by deep gorges cut the North Caucasus from the South Caucasus. For this reason, the North Caucasus has become one of the most linguistically diverse regions on earth because each community lived in relative isolation from the others.

Spanning eleven different time zones makes the Russian Federation the largest country in the world as well

The following forces have shaped Russian political culture: personalistic authority, highly centralized government, collectivism