PSİKOLOJİ

Incentive refers to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly. Stereotype behavior patterns of all the species are called instinct. Homeostasis refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism. Motive It is a general term covering wishes, needs, drives and interests that induce an organism to act towards a purpose. Bodily needs such as hunger, thirst and sex creating state of tension or arousal are called drives. So, the answer is B.

According to Maslow's theory, the needs from the bottom level to the top can be listed as follows respectively:
• basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, breathing, sexuality and sleeping
• the need for safety for family, job and properties
• social needs related to love and belonging such as family, social groups, close friendship
• the need for the appreciation of value, achievement and respect
• self-actualization which covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution

Given the information above, the answer is C, "Physiological"needs.

While hunger and thirst are primary motives, need for power, affiliation and achievement are social motives. On the other hand, exploration and curiosity are stimulus motives. So, the answer is B.

According to Plutchik's "Wheel of Emotions" theory, disgut and sadness form remorse when combined, not dread. So, the answer is E.

Secondary gestures and mimics: They involve non-social body movements associated with body needs such as yawning, sneezing and coughing. So, the answer is A.

According to Cannon-Bard theory, emotions do not emerge as a reaction to physiological conditions. Organism activates physical reaction at the same time as emotions. In other words, emotions and physiological reactions emerge simultaneously. So, the answer is D.

According to the theory developed by William James and Carl Lange, the body reacts to the nearby events, and when this reaction is noticed, an emotion occurs accompanied with these physiological changes.So, the asnwer is A.

According to Sociobiological theory, humans display social behaviors as a social entity. These behaviors have evolved through a natural process throughout history. While some behaviors have disappeared, some new behaviors have emerged. Emotions have also passed through similar stages. While some emotions have disappeared, some have successfully retained. Such emotions help individuals to adapt himself to the environment. So, the answer is B.

Social motives are need for affiliation, power and achievement. On the other hand, manipulationi exploration and curiosity are stimulus motives. So, the answer is C.

The word “Homeostatis” come from two Greek words: First one is “homos” means “same” and “therme” means “heat”. Homeostasis, is often defined as biological balance and it maintains the balance in the body like a thermostats. When room temperature decreases or increases, thermostats turns off or turns on the central heating system. Similarly, our body tries to keep this balance during hunger or thirst through certain systems. So, the answer is E.

Incentives refer to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly. These elements might be in the form of objects or events that attract individual’s attention. The correct answer is B.

Among the options, A and D are regarded as stimulus motives of individuals while B and C are the primary motives. However, the need for affiliation is one of the social motives which include being together, power and affiliation. The correct answer is E.

Abraham Maslow classified the needs shaping human behavior in the form a pyramid and accordingly, achieving self-actualization is the last step involving the attempts to do an individual’s best by using his full potential. However, very few people can reach this step. The correct answer is C.

Rather than being a basic emotion ensuring adaptation to the environment, respect is regarded as a need in the hierarchy of individuals. Respect does not belong to the category mentioned in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

It is possible to have different emotions by combining different emotions in the “Wheel of Emotion”. In relation to this information, ‘joy and acceptance = remorse’ is the wrong one since ‘joy and acceptance’ combination gives us ‘love’ emotion, not remorse. Therefore the answer is D.

James-Lange theory suggests that emotions emerge as a result of the reactions of the body. It also claims that we fear because we run away; we do not run away because we are afraid. Therefore, the given explanation belongs to C.

According to Cannon-Bard theory, emotions do not emerge as a reaction to physiological conditions. Organism activates physical reaction at the same time as emotions. In other words, emotions and physiological reactions emerge simultaneously. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

The given definition belongs to placebo effect. According to this, individuals take fake medicine thinking that they are real, so they believe that they are receiving medical treatment. The correct answer is E.

Gestures and Mimics make emotions and thoughts tangible and concrete by accompanying the expression of emotions and thoughts and the given description belongs to schematic gestures and mimics. The correct answer is A.

Homeostasis explains how much of the substances should be taken by body to keep a balance. The correct answer is B.