PSİKOLOJİ

Motive It is a general term covering wishes,needs, drives and interests that induce an organism to act towards a purpose.

Incentives refer to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly.

Stereotype behavior patterns of all the species are called instinct.

Homeostasis It refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism.

Primary Motives refer to common and unlearned drives that emerge due to biological needs and direct human behaviors accordingly.

The needs from the bottom level to the top can be listed as follows respectively:
• basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, breathing, sexuality and sleeping
• the need for safety for family, job and properties
• social needs related to love and belonging such as family, social groups, close friendship
• the need for the appreciation of value, achievement and respect
• self-actualization which covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution

Intense emotions such as rage or fear cause some physiological changes in the body. For instance, when we are afraid of something, our heart beats faster, our mouth gets dry, we sweat, shiver, and feel heartburn in the stomach.

Placebo effect: It is a term used to explain how some individuals recover from illnesses by taking fake medicine without receiving a real treatment. They take fake medicine thinking that they are real, so they believe that they are receiving medical treatment.

Schematic gestures and mimics: The movements of theater players and pantomime performers can be classified in this group. The job-related movements are also in this group, such as the movements of brokers in a stock exchange.

Secondary gestures and mimics: They involve non-social body movements associated with body needs such as yawning, sneezing and coughing. They can give clues about the source as well. For instance, yawning many times can reflect the reactions of the individual to an ongoing speech.

Incentive refers to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly. The correct answer is B.

Homeostasis refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism. The correct answer is C.

All biological drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexuality are among primary drives. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Social motives -which include being together, power, and affiliation- are about interpersonal relationships and as influential as unlearned motives on human behaviors. The correct answer is A.

Self-actualization which is the top level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution. The correct answer is C.

Robert Plutchik, who divided emotions into 8 main categories, introduced one of the most important attempts for the classifications of emotions. Accordingly, the basic emotions ensuring adaptation to the environment are fear, joy, anger, sadness, disgust, anticipation, acceptance, and surprise. The answer to this question is D since it is not among them.

In the “Wheel of Emotion”, the combination of 'joy' and 'acceptance' gives 'love' not 'remorse'. Therefore the answer is E.

James-Lange theory claims that physiological changes trigger emotions. The correct answer is D.

Cannon-Bard theory argues that emotions and behaviors are simultaneous. Where there is any kind of stimulant nearby, the thalamus is activated. The correct answer is A.

In cognitive theories, mental processes such as perception, mentality, the methods of coding, recalling the knowledge and experience gained, and thinking styles affect how physiological changes are shaped. The correct answer is B.