PSİKOLOJİ

Psychology holds five aims: to describe, to explain, to predict, to control, and to improve the behavior. Describing refers to identifying how behavior occurs (e.g., authoritarian people like hierarchy in society). Explaining refers to uncovering the causes of behavior (e.g., authoritarianism develops in people with controlling parents). Predicting refers to foreseeing the behavior in different conditions (e.g., authoritarian people perceive their mothers controlling). Controlling refers to changing the behavior by changing its causes (e.g., to expose a group of individuals to controlling behaviors and then to measure authoritarianism in them). Improving refers to using psychological explanations to promote humans’ wellbeing (e.g., to develop a program to help mothers in rearing nonauthoritarian children).

Given the information above, the answer is A, "explaining the behavior".

Given the information above, the answer is B, psychoanalysis approach.

Humanistic perspective, popularized by Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987), emerged in the mid-twentieth century. It suggested that psychology should study the conscious processes or experiences. This approach was in contrast with the approaches of psychoanalysis (unconscious processes shape behavior) and behaviorism (environment shapes behavior), both representing humans as not powerful enough to control their own behavior.9 Instead, humanistic perspective focused on the concepts such as free will, creativity, personal choice, responsibility, personality growth, selfworth, and self-actualization. It argued that humans are good in nature and have a potential or natural drive for positive development and change. According to humanistic perspective, humans are able and responsible to make their existence in the world meaningful.

Given the information above, the answer is C, "humanistic perspective".

Developmental psychology studies human behavior in the context of aging. It aims to understand how human behavior changes with aging through life. Developmental psychology has particular interest in the study of what influences development in the childhood. It attempts to understand how physical, social, emotional and cognitive changes occur in the childhood and how they influence each other.

Given the information above, the answer is E, "Developmental Psychology".

Consumer psychology studies human behavior in the context of marketing. It aims to understand determinants of purchasing behavior. Social psychology studies human behavior in relation with others’ behavior. It aims to understand how others influence humans’ behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Industrial and
organizational psychology attempts to understand the characteristics of problems experienced by working people and develops techniques to help them to do better. Forensic psychology has to do with judicial behaviors (e.g., defendant suitability for trial) in relation with biological, social, and psychological properties.

Given the information above, we can say that consumer physchology and social psychology can help the authorities come up with the suitable products, and strategies to sell them to the fans but industrial and organizational psychology and forensic physchology are irrelevant subareas of psychology in this context. Thus, the answer should be A, "I and II".

The subjects such as decision-making, problem solving, learning, perception, attention, memory, and language development have been studied in a fame of cognitive perspective. Humanistic perspective, instead of cognitive perspective, focused on the the concepts such as free will, creativity, personal choice, responsibility, personality growth, selfworth, and self-actualization. 

The answer is C.

George Berkeley is known to have believed in idealism, not empricism so the answer is D.

Dualism is a very old approach coming from Greek philosophy. The term dualism refers to separateness of mind (e.g. consciousness) and body (e.g. the brain). According to this approach, humans do have spiritual (mind) and physical part (body) in an isolated way. Plato and Aristotle believed that the human mind or soul existed independent from the physical or material body. In a different way, Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650), the French philosopher and founder of modern philosophy, suggested an approach of Cartesian dualism. Descartes, known with saying of “I reflect therefore I am”, did not reject the idea of mind and body as different and separate entities.

Thus, the answer is D, "Dualism".

Researchers need to be aware of the psychological theories explaining the subject. Second, they need to have knowledge of studies that already tested these theories. Third, researchers need to come with a theoretical question that has not already been answered. A theoretical question in a scientific study needs to be in the form of hypothesis, which expresses the prediction derived from the theory.Then, they hypothesize that perceived acceptance is negatively and perceived control is positively associated with the subject. Fourth, in order to test this hypothesis, a researcher in psychology needs to use objective measures of the relevant behaviors (variables) and collect data from people. Fifth, a researcher in  psychology needs to analyze the collected data and evidence that a hypothesis is correct or not. 

Given the information below, the correct order should be "II, IV, I, III, V" and the answer is C.

All the definitons of psychology given are true so the answer is E.

Psychology as a discipline also asks questions about humans and aims to understand a large variety of human (and animal) behavior. The correct option is D.

Psychology is a discipline which attempts to understand the behavior and aims not to defend the behaviour but to describe, explain, predict, control, and improve it. The correct option is E.

Theory is a way of explaining the behavior, which consists of predictions, propositions or ideas about the causes of behavior. Doğru cevap A seçeneğidir.

Earlier in the history, philosophical arguments played a particular role in the development of psychology as a science. The correct option is A.

Materialism is a philosophical approach, which rejects the idea of mind and body as separate entities. ... The correct option is D.

The correct order is Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, Humanistic Perspective and Cognitive Perspective. The correct option is A.

Humanistic perspective particularly influenced the studies of psychotherapy in
psychology. The correct option is B.

Social psychology studies human behavior in relation with others’ behavior. It aims to understand how others influence humans’ behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. The correct option is E.

Clinical psychology studies the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems in humans. The correct option is A.

Neuropsychology studies human behavior in the context of the brain and nervous system. It aims to understand the relationship between functions of the brain and nervous system and behavior. Neuropsychology attempts to explain how and why the brain and nervous system function in relation with our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. The correct option is D.