PSİKOLOJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 4

Psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. The correct answer is B.

Id wants immediate gratification of its desires. The motivating forces for the id is the libido, which is the body’s pleasure seeking (sexual pleasure) force. The correct answer is C.

Cognitive content is about whether a person thinks negatively or positively about certain situations. The correct answer is C.

In mood disorders, emotions of depression or euphoria are so strong that they intrude on everyday living. Disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder are some examples. The correct answer is C.

Stimulus is either an external or internal change in state that induces a
response from the organism. Feeling hungry and rapid heartbeat rate can be noted as examples of internal changes while others that relate to changes in lightning, heat, or sound are classified as external changes. So, the answer is B.

The name given to fear of darkness is nyctohylophobia. The correct answer is D.

Hypochondriasis refers to the situation when an individual is too much interested in his/her body functions and develops irrational beliefs about disorders or illnesses affecting the functions of his/her internal organs. The correct answer is D.

Transfer: An organism needs to have completed some earlier learning, in other words some kind of prior information, in order to achieve learning. Positive or negative transfer is observed respectively if previous learning facilitates or debilitates current learning. Learning how to play tennis after you know how to play ping-pong is an example of positive transfer but learning to type on an F keyboard layout after learning to type on a Q keyboard is an example of negative transfer. So, the answer is C.

The types of schizophrenia are simple schizophrenia, paranoid schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, and hebephrenia schizophrenia. The correct answer is E.

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with oneself. People with narcissistic personality disorder believe they are superior or special. They have the following symptoms:
• Exaggerate own importance
• He/or she is preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence
• Requires constant attention and admiration from others
• Has unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment
• Takes advantage of others to reach his or her own goals
• Disregards the feelings of others, lacks empathy
• Is often envious of others or believes other people are envious of him or her
• Shows arrogant behaviors and attitudes.

The correct answer is E.

In operant conditioning, an organism experiences either of the two consequences depending on the behavior: reinforcement or punishment. So, the answer is A.

Psychology is a discipline which attempts to understand the behavior and aims not to defend the behaviour but to describe, explain, predict, control, and improve it. The correct option is E.

Fixed Interval is a reinforcer that is employed at certain time intervals. So, the answer is D.

Two well-known projective tests are Rorschach Inkblot Test, developed by Hermann Rorschach in 1921, and TAT, developed by Christiana Morgan and Henry Murray in 1935. The correct answer is E.

In classical conditioning, conditioned behaviour is generally emotional behaviors such as fear and anxiety.

Neuroticism indicates an over-activity of sympathetic nervous system which results in emotional instability. The correct answer is D.

Learning through observation, as described by social-cognitive learning theory, is realized via four steps: Attention, retention, production and motivation. So, the answer is C.

According to social-cognitive learning theory, behaviors are learned through observation not reinforcers, not the opposite. So, the answer is D.

Suppression is the conscious attempt to hide or prevent unacceptable thoughts, feelings and motives. The correct answer is C.

Among the psychosexual stages, the Phallic Stage is considered to be the most critical for personality development as it involves the biggest psychosexual
conflict. Phallic stage begins at 3 and lasts until 6-7 years of age. During this stage the libido is located at the sex organs, mainly at the penis (the phallus). The correct answer is B.