PSİKOLOJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 7

We can list some of the fundamental characteristics of science as follows:2,4
1. Science is objective: Science generates impartial knowledge, and scientific
conclusions do not vary across individuals.
2. Science uncovers the reality in nature: Science works on what it is, not what it should be. Remember, it is philosophy that focuses on what it should be.
3. Science includes systematic and organized pieces of knowledge: Scientific knowledge can only be obtained through scientific methods.

4. Science is cumulative: A scientific finding may not be enough to solve a problem. In time, pieces of knowledge growing in the pool of science can be helpful to formulate a possible solution.

5. That science is replicable means the results of a research must be replicable by another research conducted under the same circumstances. So, the answer is E.

Scientific knowledge is based on theory but the other options define casual knowledge. The answer is B.

Plagiarism means using others’ studies without citing, or manipulating them on purpose. So, to avoid plagiarism means that researchers have to avoid any form of deception. The answer is A.

Incentive refers to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly. Stereotype behavior patterns of all the species are called instinct. Homeostasis refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism. Motive It is a general term covering wishes, needs, drives and interests that induce an organism to act towards a purpose. Bodily needs such as hunger, thirst and sex creating state of tension or arousal are called drives. So, the answer is B.

According to Maslow's theory, the needs from the bottom level to the top can be listed as follows respectively:
• basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, breathing, sexuality and sleeping
• the need for safety for family, job and properties
• social needs related to love and belonging such as family, social groups, close friendship
• the need for the appreciation of value, achievement and respect
• self-actualization which covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution

Given the information above, the answer is C, "Physiological"needs.

While hunger and thirst are primary motives, need for power, affiliation and achievement are social motives. On the other hand, exploration and curiosity are stimulus motives. So, the answer is B.

According to Plutchik's "Wheel of Emotions" theory, disgut and sadness form remorse when combined, not dread. So, the answer is E.

Secondary gestures and mimics: They involve non-social body movements associated with body needs such as yawning, sneezing and coughing. So, the answer is A.

According to Cannon-Bard theory, emotions do not emerge as a reaction to physiological conditions. Organism activates physical reaction at the same time as emotions. In other words, emotions and physiological reactions emerge simultaneously. So, the answer is D.

According to the theory developed by William James and Carl Lange, the body reacts to the nearby events, and when this reaction is noticed, an emotion occurs accompanied with these physiological changes.So, the asnwer is A.

According to Sociobiological theory, humans display social behaviors as a social entity. These behaviors have evolved through a natural process throughout history. While some behaviors have disappeared, some new behaviors have emerged. Emotions have also passed through similar stages. While some emotions have disappeared, some have successfully retained. Such emotions help individuals to adapt himself to the environment. So, the answer is B.

Social motives are need for affiliation, power and achievement. On the other hand, manipulationi exploration and curiosity are stimulus motives. So, the answer is C.

The word “Homeostatis” come from two Greek words: First one is “homos” means “same” and “therme” means “heat”. Homeostasis, is often defined as biological balance and it maintains the balance in the body like a thermostats. When room temperature decreases or increases, thermostats turns off or turns on the central heating system. Similarly, our body tries to keep this balance during hunger or thirst through certain systems. So, the answer is E.

Psychology as a discipline also asks questions about humans and aims to understand a large variety of human (and animal) behavior. The correct option is D.

Theory is a way of explaining the behavior, which consists of predictions, propositions or ideas about the causes of behavior. Doğru cevap A seçeneğidir.

Earlier in the history, philosophical arguments played a particular role in the development of psychology as a science. The correct option is A.

Materialism is a philosophical approach, which rejects the idea of mind and body as separate entities. ... The correct option is D.

The correct order is Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, Humanistic Perspective and Cognitive Perspective. The correct option is A.

Humanistic perspective particularly influenced the studies of psychotherapy in
psychology. The correct option is B.

Social psychology studies human behavior in relation with others’ behavior. It aims to understand how others influence humans’ behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. The correct option is E.