PSİKOLOJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 4

Neuropsychology studies human behavior in the context of the brain and nervous system. It aims to understand the relationship between functions of the brain and nervous system and behavior. Neuropsychology attempts to explain how and why the brain and nervous system function in relation with our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.

Incentives refer to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly. These elements might be in the form of objects or events that attract individual’s attention. The correct answer is B.

Among the options, A and D are regarded as stimulus motives of individuals while B and C are the primary motives. However, the need for affiliation is one of the social motives which include being together, power and affiliation. The correct answer is E.

Abraham Maslow classified the needs shaping human behavior in the form a pyramid and accordingly, achieving self-actualization is the last step involving the attempts to do an individual’s best by using his full potential. However, very few people can reach this step. The correct answer is C.

Rather than being a basic emotion ensuring adaptation to the environment, respect is regarded as a need in the hierarchy of individuals. Respect does not belong to the category mentioned in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

It is possible to have different emotions by combining different emotions in the “Wheel of Emotion”. In relation to this information, ‘joy and acceptance = remorse’ is the wrong one since ‘joy and acceptance’ combination gives us ‘love’ emotion, not remorse. Therefore the answer is D.

James-Lange theory suggests that emotions emerge as a result of the reactions of the body. It also claims that we fear because we run away; we do not run away because we are afraid. Therefore, the given explanation belongs to C.

According to Cannon-Bard theory, emotions do not emerge as a reaction to physiological conditions. Organism activates physical reaction at the same time as emotions. In other words, emotions and physiological reactions emerge simultaneously. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

The given definition belongs to placebo effect. According to this, individuals take fake medicine thinking that they are real, so they believe that they are receiving medical treatment. The correct answer is E.

Gestures and Mimics make emotions and thoughts tangible and concrete by accompanying the expression of emotions and thoughts and the given description belongs to schematic gestures and mimics. The correct answer is A.

Homeostasis explains how much of the substances should be taken by body to keep a balance. The correct answer is B.

Researchers in psychology need to come with a theoretical question that has not already been answered. A theoretical question in a scientific study needs to be in the form of hypothesis, which expresses the prediction derived from the theory. Therefore, the answer is C since it gives us the incorrect information about research in psychology.

The human behavior has always drawn the interest of scholars from other disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, anthropology, biology, physiology, medicine, and computer science. However, geography is not one of the disciplines interested in human behavior. Therefore, the answer is B.

Among the options, it is clear that Anthropology is study of humans’ culture and physical body in the past and present. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Materialism rejects the idea of mind and body as separate entities. In this approach, the mind is not something spiritual or nonphysical. The mind is just a part of the body. That is, the roots of the mind can be found in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Structuralism and its method introspection are not valid today. In addition, functionalism is also not valid today but its follower, behaviorism is still a crucial approach in psychology. The correct answer is E.

B. F. Skinner saw both humans and animals as empty organisms behaving like machines. He introduced instrumental (operant) learning and the concepts of reinforcement and punishment. The correct answer is C.

Humanistic perspective focused on the concepts such as free will, creativity, personal choice, responsibility, personality growth, selfworth, and self-actualization. It argued that humans are good in nature and have a potential or natural drive for positive development and change. The correct answer is A.

Developmental psychology studies human behavior in the context of aging. It aims to understand how human behavior changes with aging across life. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Neuropsychology studies human behavior in the context of the brain and nervous system and it attempts to explain how and why the brain and nervous system function in relation with our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Therefore, the correct answer is D.