PSİKOLOJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 19

Stimulus exists both in the environment, and within our body. Stimulus in the environment has two aspects: environmental stimulus and attended stimulus. Thus, the answer is B.

Absolute threshold is explained as the energy level at which the lowest level stimulus is noticed or discerned by the human senses, including vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch. Thus, the aswer is A.

The rods aren’t located in the fovea and the density increases toward the periphery. For this reason, the rods provide periphery detection while the cones are responsible for seeing the center. Therefore, the answer is C.

Options A, B, C, and E are not true matches. Texture gradient refers to elements that are equally spaced in a scene appear to be more closely packed as distance increases. Thus, the answer is D.

Distance perception doesn’t depend only on optical information like monocular and
binocular depth cues. The amount of effort and expectations also determine distance judgements. Therefore, the answer is C.

There are four principles of law of proximity that the Gestalt psychologists proposed to explain how perceptual grouping occurs: Grouping by (a) proximity; (b) common
region; (c) connectedness and (d) synchrony. Clarity is not among these principles. Thus, the answer is B.

A sound wave is defined by two components: frequency and phase. The other options A, C, D, and E include false information regarding the auditory system. Therefore, the answer is B.

Losing the ability to smell is called anosmia. Therefore, the answer is C.

Living species stay away from things that are usually 'bitter'. Filiform papillae does not contain taste buds. The whole tongue contains about 10,000 taste buds, and there are 40 and 100 taste cells on a bud. The last option that says 'Taste ensures that we stay away from toxic and harmful things' is true. Thus, the answer is E.

Fingertips have far more touching cells than other regions; therefore, they are more sensitive to touch than other parts of the body. Thus, the answer is B.

Drive Bodily needs such as hunger, thirst and sex creating state of tension or arousal are called a drives.

Biological factors are not always necessary in the emergence of some behaviors. Any condition around the individual may act as a stimulant for a specific behavior. For instance, even if you own a new and multi-functional mobile phone, you may tend to buy a new one.   Incentives refer to non-biological elements that appeal to an individual even if he does not feel any need and trigger him for an action accordingly.

Organisms need the regular intake of some basic needs such as water, air and food to continue their life in a healthy way. Homeostasis explains how much of these substances should be taken by body to keep a balance. Homeostasis refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism.

Primary motives refer to common and unlearned drives that emerge due to biological needs and direct human behaviors accordingly. All biological drives such as hunger, thirst and sexuality are among primary drives.

Stimulant-based motives, which are examples of unlearned motives, mainly depend on external stimulants and aim to obtain information from nearby environment. Motives such as curiosity and scrutiny direct individuals to search and change nearby environment.

The needs from the bottom level to the top can be listed as follows respectively:

Emotions are complex processes that affect human behaviors. In fact, emotions, which can be defined as what individuals feel about something, are the drives that induce behaviors. Human beings have been programmed in a way to be able to make contingency plans to handle life-related issues. The word “emotion” derives from the Latin word “motere”, which means, “move”. In other words, it comes from the exact word e-motion; that is, the moving energy.

Placebo effect It is a term used to explain how some individuals recover from illnesses by taking fake medicine without receiving a real treatment. They take fake medicine thinking that they are real, so they believe that they are receiving medical treatment.

Gestures and Mimics They make emotions and thoughts tangible and concrete by accompanying the expression of emotions and thoughts. Gestures and mimics can be classified into two main groups: Basic gestures and mimics, Secondary gestures and mimics.