PSİKOLOJİ - Deneme Sınavı - 11

Self-actualization which is the top level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution. The correct answer is C.

Robert Plutchik, who divided emotions into 8 main categories, introduced one of the most important attempts for the classifications of emotions. Accordingly, the basic emotions ensuring adaptation to the environment are fear, joy, anger, sadness, disgust, anticipation, acceptance, and surprise. The answer to this question is D since it is not among them.

In the “Wheel of Emotion”, the combination of 'joy' and 'acceptance' gives 'love' not 'remorse'. Therefore the answer is E.

James-Lange theory claims that physiological changes trigger emotions. The correct answer is D.

Cannon-Bard theory argues that emotions and behaviors are simultaneous. Where there is any kind of stimulant nearby, the thalamus is activated. The correct answer is A.

In cognitive theories, mental processes such as perception, mentality, the methods of coding, recalling the knowledge and experience gained, and thinking styles affect how physiological changes are shaped. The correct answer is B.

No behavior can be said to be random and spontaneous. There might be one reason or many reasons that induce the behaviors of an organism. Behaviors are always stimulated and shaped by motives. Being a concept related to demands, wishes and drives, motive stimulates an organism to act towards a certain goal. Motive is the power that gives energy to behaviors and directs them. Motive is an umbrella term covering wishes, needs, drives and interests that induce an organism to act towards a purpose.

Drive:  Bodily needs such as hunger, thirst and sex creating state of tension or arousal are called a drives. Motives: It is a general term covering wishes, needs, drives and interests that induce an organism to act towards a purpose.

If your body loses more than a certain amount of water in proportion with your weight, body functions may be corrupted, and even there might be risk of death. Homeostasis explains how much of these substances should be taken by body to keep a balance. According to Eysenck (2004) homeostatis is the tendency for an individual’s internal environment to remain fairly constant. Homeostasis It refers to a biological balance displaying an internal stable condition regarding how and how much food will be taken by the organism.

While the motives such as hunger, thirst and sexuality are common motives of humans, social motives -the learned motives- are shaped by social life and social values although they are sometimes affected by biological needs. Need for power is a subcategory of  social motives

Need for achievement refers to doing your best while working on a task and feeling pleasure about its consequences. This need is more dominant in industry societies, where competition is an important factor, and has a great effect on human behavior. The individuals with higher need for achievement work more carefully in their jobs to have better outcomes.

The needs from the bottom level to the top can be listed as follows respectively: • basic physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, breathing, sexuality and sleeping • the need for safety for family, job and properties • social needs related to love and belonging such as family, social groups, close friendship • the need for the appreciation of value, achievement and respect •         self-actualization which covers the superiority of morality, creativity and problem solution.

The following are changes in the sympathetic nervous system •  The heart beats faster and breathing gets quicker • The pupils get bigger • Saliva excretion stops • In order to be used in case of emergency, more blood is directed to skeleton muscles to coordinate movements and to brain for decision making processes – instead of to stomach or intestines• Blood clots faster.

it is possible to have different emotions by combining different emotions in the “Wheel of Emotion”. To illustrate, •  joy and anticipation = optimism • acceptance and fear = submission • surprise and sadness  = disaproval • anger and disgust = contempt • joy and acceptance = love • anticipation and anger = aggressiveness • fear and surprise = Awe  (dread ?*) • disgust and sadness = remorse.

Secondary gestures and mimics: They involve non-social body movements associated with body needs such as yawning, sneezing and coughing. They can give clues about the source as well. For instance, yawning many times can reflect the reactions of the individual to an ongoing speech.

The correct choice is D.

The correct choice is B.

The correct choice is D.

The correct choice is E.

The correct choice is A.