POLİTİKA BİLİMİ

“The Council of Trent, between 1545 and 1563, was organized immediately to declare a counter-reformation, reaffirming the authority of the Church".

The concept of political culture refers to the widely-shared beliefs, values, and norms that citizens share about their government.

"Philosophical influences from early thinkers such as Confucius as well as religious thought found in various forms of contemporary religion, gradually evolved throughout the history of China. Today many cultural desires of citizens must be ignored in favor of government demands."

"Often claims are made against youth for its lack of participation in politics, especially compared to levels of activity from senior citizens. As a relatively large segment of the voting population in any country, lack of participation by the youth could have a major changing effect on the messages sent to government."

"The socialization process characterizes how this begins at an early age under the influence of parents, and progresses through different steps of development, as the individual grows older. Schools, religious organizations, peer groups, special interest groups, and even political parties contribute to how the individual is influenced."

"Comparing the two largest states, Brazil and the United States in this example, reveals widely different levels of voting".

"An individual reacting to what is considered bad government behavior can result in civil disobedience. Faced with punishment, an individual deciding to disobey a law should consider if illegal behavior to show anger is worth punishment from the legal system".

"Just as citizens join together in political groups that are mostly based on special issues, they also organize themselves in work units or trade unions. Their objective in this type of participation is to gain strength in numbers to lobby for collective bargaining, workplace safety, higher wages, and better benefits."

"The United States is dominated by two major parties, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party... Figure 6.13 United States Republican Elephant and Democrat Donkey."

"Even though such rules may not be legally binding, conformance with them is expected for the sake of civic balance."

Political participation is any activity in which citizens, or groups of citizens, take steps to influence the government. Politically-active citizens help shape political elements in government. Their individual participation may include voting, attending public forums, and being members in active groups. The correct answer is C.

The concept of individualism became popular as the result of social movements at the end of the 18th century. The correct answer is D.

Political culture is a distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carry out.The correct answer is E.

China represents a complex environment of cultural issues resulting from political differences. Chinese society represents a value system often in conflict with strict Marxist values found in communism. Influence on China’s culture results from a complicated interplay of social behaviors.The correct answer is E.

From roots in liberalism, individuals have a stronger desire to support self interest than for ancestral values found in oriental cultures. The correct answer is D.

Western-Hemisphere countries, African nations pose major problems that limit political participation by citizens. With a few exceptions such as the Republic of South Africa, states are more interested in establishing independence or freedom from oppression than in promising stability for citizen-government collaboration.The correct answer is A.

Voter turnout (not to be confused with number of registered voters) is the
percentage of eligible voters who actually cast a ballot in an election.The correct answer is D.

Popular form of disobedience is demonstrated by spontaneous protest marches where government permission to assembly is not granted. The correct answer is B

Just as citizens join together in political groups that are mostly based on special issues, they also organize themselves in work units or trade unions. Their objective in this type of participation is to gain strength in numbers to lobby for collective bargaining, workplace safety, higher wages, and better benefits. The correct answer is C.

Non-governmental organizations result from international issues that transcend political ideologies. Examples include the Red Cross to support disaster victims and Doctors Without Borders to support communities suffering health crises. The correct answer is D.