POLİTİKA BİLİMİ

Saudi Arabia is considered an oligarchy since the Saudi family controls the government. The Saudi oligarchy has hereditary origin. In the Russian Federation, we can see another form of oligarchic control through a class of wealthy business leaders who, through cooperative and dependent relationships, run the government and society.

In the United States, there is a constitutional republic as stated in the preamble of the constitution; “ in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty. The correct answer is C:

In pursuing democratic rule, France endured successive violent disagreements between its citizens and the government following its Revolutionary War from 1789-1799, when citizens claimed independence from aristocracy. The correct answer is D.

Conservatives believe that stability comes from fixed, unchanging rules. The correct answer is E.

Main concern of an authoritarian would  agree on the  full government influence expecting strict controls for the sake of safety and security. The correct answer is D.

Although the government of the United States provides elements of direct democracy, mostly it demonstrates a republic form of government. Citizens participate in direct elections for their legislative leadership, but it is this representative leadership that determines the form and process of central government. The correct answer is E.

Vote by Parliament can remove or replace prime minister  in  the Westminster parliamentary system.The correct answer is D:

Russia may be considered a hybrid state even though its structure is presidential. According to its constitution, Russia is considered democratic, but an authoritarian leader rules, making the country an authoritarian democracy. The correct answer is B:

Fascism stresses strict nationalistic policies and rigid control over social behavior and it promotes the influential power of nationalism and is similar to totalitarianism. The correct answer is B.

An oligarchy is a form of government by a few with a continuous base of power through privilege or through corruption. Power may be limited to political parties, individuals, or wealthy groups. The results of action from this government focus on self-preservation and retention of a base for total power. The correct answer is A.

Stratocracy is a  source of political power comes from military strength. Since many nations maintain an active military force, we can consider how the presence of such power could be used to rule through fear over a population. The idea is to control behavior through forceful action for much the same reason governments exercise control through legislative power. The correct answer is C.

There are different organizational structures, and different sizes, of democracies. The Economist identifies democracies as: full democracy (examples: Norway and Canada); flawed democracy (examples: United States and France); as hybrid regime (for example Pakistan); or as authoritarian democracy (examples: Russia and China) (Economist, 2015).

Democracy is the government “of the people, by the people, for the people” – Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg, 1863.

All democracies possess some characteristics in common. These include: citizen participation in government processes with voting, issue group participation, direct participation, and the rule of law developed to balance behaviors of both citizens and their government.

We can turn to the country of Switzerland to find a good example of direct democracy. With a population of just over 8 million people, it ranks 99th in size among all United Nations member countries. All Swiss citizens of at least 18 years of age take part in government decision-making.

Elements of Indirect Democracy
• Citizens determine government through indirect voting
• Open elections to all citizens of legal age to determine representatives who act on their behalf
• Representation in government through political party influence
• Rotation of leadership when determined by leadership to be necessary
• Rule of law developed by representative leaders

The parliamentary system of government was created in the United Kingdom. It is known as a parliamentary monarchy because the Queen remains at the head of government.

Hybrid democracy is a form of government with a mixture of democratic principles found in non-democratic governments.

Spain under Francisco Franco, Italy under Benito Mussolini, Germany under Adolph Hitler, and The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were totalitarian regimes.

An oligarchy is a form of government by a few with a continuous base of power through privilege or through corruption. Power may be limited to political parties, individuals, or wealthy groups. The results of action from this government focus on self-preservation and retention of a base for total power.