POLİTİKA BİLİMİ

City-states began in Switzerland and Germany, the latest being the cities of the Hanseatic League.

Citizenship does not relinquish but stipulates the responsibilities of promoting and sustaining the benefits of good citizenship

The other options are not true for Normative Theories but Empirical Theories

Hungary has a unicameral system

Except from b, all the options define territorial neutrality.

All the other options are among the advantages of presidential systems. However; the separation of powers can lead to a gridlock, especially if the president and the legislative majority are from different political parties.

In pluralistic systems groups and office seekers work hard to find public support.

An absolute monarchy has few or no legal restraints on political matters and absolute monarchies are habitually hereditary.

In an oligarchy (rule by a few), power effectively remains in the hands of small number of individuals.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does not recognize authority. It originally means “no leader.”

The first well documented city state first appeared in southern Mesopotamia in Sumer around 5000 BCE.

Citizenship is the privilege of membership of a political community. The city-states in Greece, not Italy, are alleged to have given rise to the concept of citizenship.Citizenship includes the right to participate in the democratic process. Citizenship is different from being a subject of a monarch.

The legislature is unicameral- made up of only one house. Unicameral systems may be found in countries such as Turkey, China, New Zealand, Norway, and Hungary. Examples of bicameral systems are the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Italy.

Examples of bicameral systems are the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Italy. The legislature is unicameral- made up of only one house. Unicameral systems may be found in countries such as Turkey, China, New Zealand, Norway, and Hungary.

A unitary system of government is a political arrangement where a large proportion of power resides with the central government. Federalism is a political system that brings together separate states within a larger political set-up, but allows for each entity to maintain its own fundamental political integrity. A confederal system is one where loose states agree to abide by the dictates of a powerful central government. In a parliamentary system of government, the executive branch of government derives democratic legitimacy from, and it is accountable to, the legislature. In consensus systems there is relatively more consensus characterized by semi-circular debating chambers.

A criticism of the presidential systems is that it may lead to authoritarianism since they raise the stakes in elections and promote polarization. The advantages of presidential systems are as follows: elections are direct. There is also separation of powers in a presidential system. A president is thought to have strong powers and can enact change quickly if needed, provided that the separation of powers does not become an obstacle. They may be more stable than the parliamentary system, where a prime minister can be dismissed.

It is said that the idea of pluralism comes from ancient Greece.

All European monarchies are constitutional except in Vatican City.

In an autocracy one person controls supreme power over the citizens with little legal restraints on how much power that an individual can exercise.

Democracy is a system of government in which citizens of a state partake in decisionmaking

processes of state affairs.

In an oligarchy, power effectively remains in the hands of small number of individuals.

An autocracy is a system of government in which one person controls supreme power over

the citizens with little legal restraints on how much power that an individual can exercise.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does

not recognize authority.

A republic is a form of government in which power rests with an elected group of individuals who act on behalf of the citizens.

In a theocracy god or a deity is recognized as the immediate ruler of the state.

Democracy is a system of government in which citizens of a state partake in decisionmaking

processes of state affairs.

In an oligarchy, power effectively remains in the hands of small number

of individuals.

Totalitarianism is a system of government where the state has total control of the society and all

aspects of both public and private life.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does

not recognize authority.