POLİTİKA BİLİMİ

The emergence of nation states began from what was called the city-states. The first well-documented city-state appeared in southern Mesopotamia in Sumer around 5000 BCE. The format of the city-state has been with us and developed in every part of the world since then.

Citizenship is the privilege of membership of a political community. The political community in this context means a community to which one owes certain duties. The city-states in Greece are alleged to have given rise to the concept of citizenship.

The system of checks and balances guarantees that no one branch of government abuses its power. The powers of each of the branches of government are delineated in the constitution of the state.

Federalism is a political system that brings together separate states within a larger political set-up, but allows for each entity to maintain its own fundamental political integrity. In a federal system, basic policies are implemented through some form of negotiation while ensuring that members share in decision-making processes that impact their citizens. In federalism, there are many power centers with power dispersed in such a way that each polity within the set-up is safeguarding individual and local liberties.

There are some parliamentary systems where the head of state is also the head of government and is answerable to the legislature. Examples include the parliamentary systems of Botswana and South Africa.

There are three basic criticisms leveled against presidential systems: • Presidential systems may lead to authoritarianism since they raise the stakes in elections and promote polarization. • The separation of powers can lead to a gridlock, especially if the president and the legislative majority are from different political parties. • In a presidential system, even if the president becomes unpopular, it remains difficult to remove him/her from office.

Although United Kingdom is considered a monarchy in theory, it is a constitutional monarchy, which means that there is the rule of law and the power of the Queen is more symbolic than real.

In authoritarian regimes, a single person maintains power through a combination of strategies. These include appeals to traditional legitimacy, patron-client ties, and repression. Bureaucratic-military regime, where a coalition of military officers and technocrats pragmatically govern the state, is an example of authoritarian regimes.

France is a semi-presidential republic. It is made up of 18 regions. Its capital is Paris. Dependent areas include: Clipperton Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, New Caledonia, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna.

The political parties in the US include the Democratic Party, the Green Party, the Libertarian Party, and the Republican Party.

David Easton defines a political system as a system of interactions through which biding or authoritative allocations are made and implemented. The correct answer is B.

Characteristics which defines citizenship include:

The correct answer is E.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, and the Northern Ireland) is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The correct answer is C.

The TOTALITARIAN government attempts to control the thoughts of every citizen. The correct answer is D.

In a theocracy god or a deity is recognized as the immediate ruler of the state. The correct answer is E.

According to Larry Diamond, democracy has four key elements:

The correct answer is B.

The components of a government include legislators, administrators, and arbitrators. The correct answer is E.

The “Senate” is made up of 100 senators. The correct answer is A.

A pluralistic system is open in the logic that it is continuously recruiting new membership from different segments in society. The correct answer is C.

In representative democracy, people vote for their representatives who, in turn, vote policy initiatives. The correct answer is A.