POLİTİKA BİLİMİ

According to Frederick Pollock, Practical Politics includes:

• The State (Actual forms of Government)
• The Government (The working of Government, Administration etc.)
• Laws and Legislation (Procedure, Courts etc.) and
• The State personified (War, Diplomacy, Peace and International affairs). "The State as an Artificial Person" is not included in this definition.

According to Paul Janet, Political Science is “that part of science which treats the foundations of the state and
principles of government” (Johari, 2006: 7).

The study of political thought is in the main normative or what is referred to as politico-ethical by Richard G. Gettell.

Generally, the liberal approach to political analysis can be divided into traditional approaches (Historical, Philosophical, Institutional, Legal) and modern approaches (Behavioral and Post -Behavioral). The Marxian approach to political analysis, however, is entirely different from the liberal approach; and it is comprehensive in nature. Therefore, "Legal approach" is the correct answer.

Karl Popper has criticized historicism – especially Marxism – on the grounds that it insists on discovering what is inevitable, and then advocates ‘totalitarian’ methods for its realization.

The philosophical approach to political science is generally identified with value preferences.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a drastic change in the study of Political Science. Social sciences began to adopt the methods of natural sciences like observation, survey, and measurement. This phase in Political Science is attended by a decisive reorientation of the discipline in terms of the methods it used. The notable exponents of this “scientific politics” were Charles Merriam, Harold D. Lasswell, George Catlin and Arthur Bentley. David Easton was very critical of the scientific politics, and was the most ardent advocate of Post-Behavioralism.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a drastic change in the study of Political Science. Social sciences began to adopt the methods of natural sciences like observation, survey, and measurement.

The notable exponents of “scientific politics” were Charles Merriam, Harold D. Lasswell, George Catlin and Arthur Bentley. They looked especially to statistics and psychology as relevant tools for politics.

The Marxian approach to political analysis is fundamentally different from the liberal political analysis – both traditional and modern. Karl Marx approaches the question of politics from the point of view of social change which is dialectical and historical.