POLİTİKA BİLİMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 13

Africa has remained one place where democracy remains only as a potential. With the exception of the Republic of South Africa, only a few signs exist to indicate that democracy is stable enough to survive tribal or ethnic opposition. Some refer to democracy in Africa as a 'second wave of liberation'. The correct answer is B.

Elements of Indirect Democracy:

The correct answer is E.

The characteristics of a Westminster prime minister are as follows:

The correct answer is D.

An oligarchy is a form of government by a few with a continuous base of power through privilege or through corruption. Power may be limited to political parties, individuals, or wealthy groups. The correct answer is A.

A stratocracy is a form of government headed by military chiefs. It is not the same as a military dictatorship or junta in which military power is not supported by law. A stratocracy actually provides citizen support as a constitutional enablement. Thus, the state and the military are constitutionally the same entity. The correct answer is B.

The following are some of the problems a democracy must overcome to support its citizens:

The correct answer is C.

For most parties, there are three main goals: developing a party message (platform), getting members in government leadership, and running the government. The correct answer is C.

Cadre parties were the first modern political parties formed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Cadre parties are described as small organizations that are typically dominated by politically elite groups of activists with a co- opted leadership structure with limited control over the membership and comparatively week communication links. These types of parties are mostly funded by the wealthy. Generally, cadre parties only function for a limited time during election periods. The correct answer is B.

There are generally two major types of democratic electoral systems for a section of a legislature (law making group), Proportional Representation (PR) and Single-member Plurality (SMP). Under PR, the person or party gets a share of the available offices based on the percentage of votes. The correct answer is D.

Things that affect voter participation (voter turnout) include population size, population changes, demographics (like, age, income, race and ethnicity), political socialization, economic development, and even weather. Other issues that can affect voter turnout are the closeness of the political race, the political importance of the issues, money spent on the campaign by political parties, the candidate (personality, fame), and the number of parties running. The voter turnout can also be affected by other factors such as: if it is a proportional electoral system in which there are several types of offices at stake, if there are registration requirements, and if voting is compulsory. The correct answer is E.

Public opinion is the collection of individual opinions of social issues, government policies and politics. Public opinion is usually measured through questions. The correct answer is A.

The scientific use of public opinion polling is based on the laws of probability. The laws of probability suggest that if everything is treated equally, any object among a group of objects has the same chance of being selected as any other object in the group. The correct answer is E.

How an issue is covered also gives people ideas for how they should feel about the issue. This is known as framing. For example, if a story is written with a negative feel or the focus is on the problems of an issue, the public is more likely to have a negative feeling about the issue. The correct answer is A.

Typically, pressure groups are broken into four categories: promotional, sectional, insider, outsider. The correct answer is B.

The executive branch typically ensures that all of the laws are obeyed by overseeing the operation of the government. The executive branch is also usually the “face” of the nation, especially in foreign relations. The correct answer is C.

When defining bureaucracy in terms of its structural characteristics, political scientists most often use a variation of six fundamental characteristics:

 The correct answer is D.

The correct answer is E

The correct answer is E

The correct answer is A

The correct answer is D