POLİTİKA BİLİMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 9

"In an elective monarchy, the monarch is elected...In the Mogul Empire the Kurultay elected the Great Khan."

"In ...monarchy, the monarch acts as a non-party head of state. The role of the monarch may be designated under a written or an unwritten constitution." The question expects the student to differentiate this from the basic principles of democracy which are explained in page 62 of the textbook.

"The term oligarchy was coined by Aristotle to describe “rule by the rich.” Another term common today is plutocracy."

The United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales, and the Northern Ireland) is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

The correct answer is D

The correct answer is E

The correct answer is A

The correct answer is E

The correct answer is C

The correct answer is A

The correct answer is C

The correct answer is A

The correct answer is C

From the practical point of view, politics is sometimes defined as the technique of compromise. That is why Bismarck defined politics as the ‘art of the possible’.

Frederick Pollock divides politics into theoretical politics and practical or applied politics (Pruthi, 2005: 65-66). According to him theoretical politics includes:

The Theory of the State

The Theory of Government

The Theory of Legislation and

The Theory of State as an Artificial Person

But writers such as Frederic W. Maitland and Auguste Comte maintain that there can be no such thing as a scientific study of state and government. They agree with Edmund Burke that there is no science in Politics. It is evident that there are no uniform principles or laws in Political Science which are universally valid.

Generally, the liberal approach to political analysis can be divided into traditional approaches (Historical, Philosophical, Institutional, Legal) and modern approaches (Behavioral and Post -Behavioral). The Marxian approach to political analysis, however, is entirely different from the liberal approach; and it is comprehensive in nature.

The philosophical approach is generally identified with value preferences. The emphasis is on moral and rational premises. This approach is based on the view that values are inevitable and essential for evaluating political phenomena.

An institution is a set of offices and agencies arranged in a hierarchy, each of which has certain functions and powers. Accordingly, the institutional approach proceeds to study the organizations and functioning of government, its various organs, political parties, and other institutions affecting politics. The chief concerns of this approach include classification of governments (monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, polity and democracy, dictatorship, parliamentary and presidential, unitary and federal), identification of levels of government (federal, state, local) as well as branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial). The Institutional approach relies heavily on description rather than explanation.

At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a drastic change in the study of Political Science. Social sciences began to adopt the methods of natural sciences like observation, survey, and measurement. This phase in Political Science is attended by a decisive reorientation of the discipline in terms of the methods it used. The notable exponents of this “scientific politics” were Charles Merriam, Harold D. Lasswell, George Catlin and Arthur Bentley. They looked especially to statistics and psychology as relevant tools for politics. Giving an anti-Marxian orientation to political analysis in the Post-War political context was their underlying motive. Various intellectual movements such as pragmatism, logical positivism and Behavioral psychology contributed much to the development of the new approach.