POLİTİKA BİLİMİ - Deneme Sınavı - 13

Bismarck defined politics as the ‘art of the possible’.

Michael Curtis aptly remarked that ‘Politics is organized dispute about power and its use, involving choice among competing values, ideas, persons, interests and demands’.

Modern Political science is the study of how power is used in modern society. It inclues extra legal processes involved in the government. It is concerned with how power is obtained with the factors involved in decision making.

Aristotle saw political science as the master science and Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes and Henry Sidgwick also held the same view. However, writers such as Frederic W. Maitland, Auguste Comte and Edmund Burke maintained that there can be no such thing as a scientific study of state and government.

A systematic study is possible in Political Science. There are no uniform principles or laws in Political Science which are universally valid. Political Science is primarily concerned with man and his behavior in political context. Political Science is a social science. It deals with human beings, and all human beings do not behave in the same manner at all times.

Generally, the liberal approach to political analysis can be divided into traditional approaches (Historical, Philosophical, Institutional, Legal) and modern approaches (Behavioral and Post -Behavioral).

The philosophical approach is generally identified with value preferences. The emphasis is on moral and rational premises. This approach is based on the view that values are inevitable and essential for evaluating political phenomena.

The Institutional approach relies heavily on description rather than explanation.

City-states began in Switzerland and Germany, the latest being the cities of the Hanseatic League.

The other options are not true for Normative Theories but Empirical Theories

Hungary has a unicameral system

Except from b, all the options define territorial neutrality.

All the other options are among the advantages of presidential systems. However; the separation of powers can lead to a gridlock, especially if the president and the legislative majority are from different political parties.

In pluralistic systems groups and office seekers work hard to find public support.

An absolute monarchy has few or no legal restraints on political matters and absolute monarchies are habitually hereditary.

In an oligarchy (rule by a few), power effectively remains in the hands of small number of individuals.

Anarchy is described as a situation in society where a group of people or a single person does not recognize authority. It originally means “no leader.”

The Bishop of Rome (Pope) claimed to be God’s Vicar on earth and had the power to challenge secular rulers through accusations of violation of religious rules.

John Locke stated that government exists to serve the people in their pursuit of life, liberty, and propert (that latter was replaced by pursuit of happiness).

Presently, sovereignty is legally defined by borders.