ORTA DOĞU VE KUZEY AFRİKA

Capital city of Morocco is Rabat. Marrakesh is another famous city of Morocco but not capital. The other big city is Fez, Fas in Turkish, named for Morocco when the city was the capital by Turks.

Arab tribes entered Morocco for the first time in the twelfth century in during the reign of the Almohad Dynasty

Morocco gained independence from France in 1956, and Mohammed V became King of the country

Algeria recovered its full independence from France after a bloody liberation war in 1954-1962 and evolved from socialism to liberalism with its political reforms towards the end of the Cold War period.

Morocco was involved in armed conflict with Algeria in 1973 due to the Western Sahara dispute.

The demand for the recognition of Berber identity as distinct cultural identity and Tamazight as an official language is still one of the domestic challenges in Algeria.

Algeria’s crucial export goods are oil and natural gas, in particular to the European market.

Bourguiba served as the President from 1957 to 1987 in Tunisia, and he pursued a delicate foreign policy by maintaining close relations with the Western countries, while also placing importance the relations with Eastern Bloc countries and Arab states in the Non-Aligned Movement.

Egypt was expelled from the Arab League for signing the Arab-Israeli Peace Treaty with Israel in 1979.

Muammar Gaddafi ruled Libya until he was ousted and killed in a popular uprising supported by an international coalition led by NATO in 2011.

All are true about Morocco's history.

Neo-Destour Movement was a National Tunisian Movement founded in 1934 to preserve Tunisian independence.

All are among the aims of Morocco's foreign policy.

"Another priority of Morocco in foreign policy is to achieve membership of the European Union (EU) through its Euro-Mediterranean policy. In this context, Morocco’s accession in the Barcelona process in 1995 has strengthened its position on EU membership. Like his father, King Mohammed VI maintained European primacy in his foreign policy strategy. In this sense, Morocco pays great importance to the relations with the EU, France, Spain, and Italy in particular to empower political and economic ties. On the other side, improving ties with Arab and African countries is among Morocco’s foreign policy priorities." s.94

Morocco continues to assert sovereignty right in the region. But, the Polisario Front continues its struggle for full autonomy.

(I) (II) and (III) are correct. (IV) is not correct because during the demonstrations, the regime’s response was to implement democratic reform, abolish the state of emergency - enacted in 1992, increase police and military salaries, and allow parties wishing to participate in the elections. The regime’s announcement that it would improve socio- economic conditions and implement political reforms prevented the demonstrations in Algeria from leading to a regime/power change, as in Tunisia and Egypt.

In the wake of the Arab Spring, due to the political
and instability and security threats arising from
 neighboring countries such as Libya and Mali,
Algeria
 adopted the principle of non-interference.

Tunisia was ruled by monarchy for a year after independence and became a republic in 1957.

All of the factors mentioned have contributed to Tunisia's successful transition to democracy after Arab Spring.

Libya was occupied by Italy, not France.

(b) is correct as Gaddafi proclaimed himself as a political theorist and called his political ideology the ‘Third Universal Theory’ in 1973. (a) 1977, (c), he did p. 109; (d) he began to abandon Arab socialism in 1999 p.109; (e) there were security issues in 1980’s p.108.