ORTA DOĞU VE KUZEY AFRİKA - Deneme Sınavı - 4

An economy student who is interested in the decision-making process of the use and share of resources with economic value and who also would like to understand how economic choices in a country are affected by politics can take the advantage of the field so-called political economy.

Turkey is not among leading poltical actors who have treated MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) as a critical playground because of its oil and gas reserves.

Regional integration is rare in the region and also policy coordination is not found, either. Therefore, it is difficult to establish joint demographic and economic policies in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa).

The level of legislative efforts is not one of the main problems of the economies of the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa).

By the year 2016, International Monetary Fund reported that most oil-exporting countries reacted smilarly towards low oil prices in the global markets. They struggled to create new jobs and foster inclusive economic growth to overcome the economic results of the low oil prices, according to International Monetary Fund Report.

The most important observation of the Rentier-State Theory is that oil-exporting countries depend on externally generated rents instead of tax revenues from their societies.

Rentierism harms the economy while it weakens democracy in oil-exporting countres. Followng deas support Rentir-State theory arguments:

Rentier economies don't collect taxes from their societes, in turn this wekens the bond between government and the society; 

The weak connection between government and society reduces the acountability of the state;

Substantial natural resources which come up with autonomy in decision-making can reshape the class-structure of the society; 

Rentierism inevitably reproduces income inequality in the economy.

However, Rentiersm is not a proof of the impossibility to generate democratic values in Muslim societies.

Rentierism cannot be accepted among consequences of the Arab Spring.

The demographic boom which comes from regional migration is among the important changes that have took place in the last two decades in GCC countries (Gulf Cooperation Council).

Mexico is not among these countries.

Tunisia

Lebanon

World Bank does not classify Mauritania as part of MENA.

Israel is the only resource-poor and labor-poor (RPLP) country in
the region.

Libya

The countries that allocate the highest share of GDP in health expenditures
among the MENA countries are Iran and Lebanon

Saudi Arabia is the wealthiest country in the MENA region

EGYPT cannot meet its health needs in terms of doctor density in the
MENA region.

Jordan

Algeria