ÖRGÜT KURAMI VE TASARIMI

How does use of technology help and support the organizations? The answers and explanations for this question are as follows:

• Technology can add economic value to organizations.

• Organizations can gain competitive advantage.

• Technology can improve the production of the existing goods and services.

• Technology can also improve new products, services and innovations.

• Technology can improve the relations among customers and organizations.

The term “technique” refers to the set of scientific knowledge and experience to use to accomplish tasks, technology is the ability of using the scientific knowledge and experience with the help of tools, machines and materials.

The main subjects of technology management are listed below.

• Human Resources Management

• Strategies and Politics

• Product or Service Development

• Marketing, organizations and program management

• Transferring of technology

• Corporations among universities and industries

• Organizational structures and procedures

• Planning and controlling, mathematical and statistical modelling

• Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship, International Entrepreneurship

• Supply chain management

The types of technology identified by the organizations are listed below.

1. BaseTechnologies

2. Critical technologies

3. Pacing technologies

4. Emerging technologies

Selection process is about giving decisions for using appropriate technologies from the alternatives.

There are five steps for external technology exploitation:

• Planning

• Intelligence

• Negotiation

• Realization

• Control

Engineering Design is considered to be a subcategory of Technology Management Framework.

Technology can be protected by the instruments listed below:

• Patents (legal right to exclude other organizations given by the government)

• Trademarks (Word, name, symbol, etc.)

• Copyrights (Protection of lierary work, musical work, dramatic work, sound recordings)

• Trade Secrets (Protecting the internal secret information)

• Know-How (Contractual transfer of knowledge from experts)

In the literature five stages are given for technology acquisition with the several tasks to accomplish:

1. Establish market-place requirements

2. Identify technology solutions

3. Classify technology solutions

4. Assess sources of technology acquisition

5. Make the technology decision

Exploitation encompasses "customer-supplier network, incremental development, product management, and complementary assets". 

Technology could be used to help and support the organisations in different ways, however in answer E, there is a negative assumption about the cost of needed technology for any organisation.

The sentence describes technology management so the correct answer is A.

Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship are about taking risks in order to make profit or opening up new businesses, therefore the correct answer is D.

In this sub-process, current and future technologies are identified to add value to organizations. It also includes foresights and gathering information about the technologies and capabilities that are in and outside the organization. Therefore the correct answer is A.

Decision criteria & process is one of the steps in selection process, the other options are not related to this process, so the correct answers E.

Technology insertion is one of the steps in the acquisition process, other options are not related to the question, therefore the correct answer is C.

Planning, Intelligence, Negotiation, Realization and Control are the five steps for external technology exploitation. Selection is not one of the five, so the correct answer is D.

Protection is necessary to keep the knowledge, skills, technologies and brands of organizations. Other options are not related to the definition, so the answer is A.

Only Technology Measurement belongs to Technology Management Framework, therefore the correct answer is B.

Technology can be protected by the instruments such as; Patents (legal right to exclude other organizations given by the government), Trademarks (Word, name, symbol, etc.), Copyrights (Protection of lierary work, musical work, dramatic work, sound recordings), Trade Secrets (Protecting the internal secret information) and Know-How (Contractual transfer of knowledge from experts). Planning is not one of the instruments, therefore the correct answer is B.