ÖRGÜT KURAMI VE TASARIMI

How does use of technology help and support the organizations? The answers and explanations for this question are as follows:

• Technology can add economic value to organizations.

• Organizations can gain competitive advantage.

• Technology can improve the production of the existing goods and services.

• Technology can also improve new products, services and innovations.

• Technology can improve the relations among customers and organizations.

Technology is “the information necessary to achieve a certain production outcome from a particular means of combining or processing selected inputs which include production processes, intra-firm organizational structures, management techniques, and means of finance, marketing methods or any of its combination”

“Technique” refers to the set of scientific knowledge and experience to use to accomplish tasks; technology is the ability of using the scientific knowledge and experience with the help of tools, machines and materials.

Technology Management is defined as a process for planning and controlling the necessary technologies to shape and realize the strategic and functional goals of the organizations.

The main subjects of technology management are listed below.

• Human Resources Management

• Strategies and Politics • Product or Service Development

• Marketing, organizations and program management

• Transferring of technology

• Corporations among universities and industries

• Organizational structures and procedures

• Planning and controlling, mathematical and statistical modelling

• Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship, International Entrepreneurship

• Supply chain management

There may be need for tools to manage technology and its activities. These tools may help organizations to manage technology more effectively. On the other hand, individuals or groups in the organizations, which are applicable in the whole company, can use these tools. In the literature, many technology management methods are explained. Some of them are given below6: • Technology Management Framework - Computer Aided Manufacturing - Building Project Management - Work Process Engineering - Project Assessment - Product Design - Technology Measurement - Process Design - Engineering Design - Knowledge Management • Information Systems and Technology Management - Decision Support Systems - Object Oriented Programming - Computer Aided System Engineering - Information Based Systems - Database Applications. • Information and Communication Systems • Artificial Intelligence/ Expert Systems • Database technology • Modelling • Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Technology exploitation refers to the utilization of technologies to improve organizational performances of products, services and processes.

“Technology” and “Technique” to different meanings can be important to explain. While the term “Technique” refers to the set of scientific knowledge and experience to use to accomplish tasks, technology is the ability of using the scientific knowledge and experience with the help of tools, machines and materials. Therefore, these two concepts do not differ completely from each other, but complete each other in different perspectives.

Technology can be described as “the information necessary to achieve a certain production outcome from a means of combining or processing selected inputs which include production processes, intra-firm organizational structures, management techniques, and means of finance, marketing methods or any of its combination”.

Technology Management is defined as a process for planning and controlling the necessary technologies to shape and realize the strategic and functional goals of the organizations. It can also be seen as a multidisciplinary approach, combination of engineering, management, information technologies. It is possible to say that the aim of the technology management is not only improving the existing or new products and services to meet their own managerial needs of organizations that have been acquired and exploited by technologies in their structures.

The main subjects of technology management are listed below.
• Human Resources Management
• Strategies and Politics
• Product or Service Development
• Marketing, organizations and program management
• Transferring of technology
• Corporations among universities and industries
• Organizational structures and procedures
• Planning and controlling, mathematical and statistical modelling
• Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship, International Entrepreneurship
• Supply chain management

Technology identification is the initial subprocess, including the identification of existing technologies and new technologies for products and services and the processes within an organization.

Exploitation: The important key characteristics in this process are about who will use the acquired technology, where and for what purpose is it going to be used in organizations. While the internal and external acquisition of the technology will be used by the departments of organizations, technology exploitation will utilize the new technologies to improve the performance of products or manufacturing processes.

Information Systems and Technology Management
- Decision Support Systems
- Object Oriented Programming
- Computer Aided System Engineering
- Information Based Systems
- Database Applications

Some of the technology management methods are given below:
• Technology Management Framework
- Computer Aided Manufacturing
- Building Project Management
- Work Process Engineering
- Project Assessment
- Product Design
- Technology Measurement
- Process Design
- Engineering Design
- Knowledge Management
• Information Systems and Technology
Management
- Decision Support Systems
- Object Oriented Programming
- Computer Aided System Engineering
- Information Based Systems
- Database Applications.
• Information and Communication Systems
• Artificial Intelligence/ Expert Systems
• Database technology
• Modelling
• Multivariate Statistical Techniques

Internal management may require organizations to hire highly skilled managers or workers to identify problems and find creative solutions for dealing with them about the ongoing processes. Therefore, an efficient human resources management must take the responsibility. On the other hand, innovations or new product developments can be highly complexand costly. Research and development and commercialization issues may also affect the organizational performance.

Protection of the technologies is the protection of knowledge and experiences during production processes13. It is also “the protection of unique of industrial and intellectual property of a company”. Intellectual Properties cover the skills and capabilities, technologies and brands of organizations. Patent, licensing activities and copyrights can be evaluated as protection activities.