ÖRGÜT KURAMI VE TASARIMI

Manufacturing Subenvironment, raw materials and suppliers are considered under the manufacturing division. Customers are considered under sales division, where else scientific journals are considered under the research & development division.

Vertical structure, routine tasks, rigid culture, formal systems and competitive strategy are all mechanical system design's characteristics. However empowered roles have a crucial role in natural system designs.

Organizations with low-moderate uncertainty environments are formal and centralized, have many departments, some boundry spanning, have few integrating roles, some planning and moderate speed response. Universites are an example for this kind of organizations.

There are various strategies to manage dependency relations with the actors in the external environment:

Upgrading processes is not one of the strategies.

Michael Hannan and John Freeman used natural selection theory to explain population dynamics among organizations.

Some offices and business organizations of certified public accountants have great similarities because they must obey occupational standards imposed on them by the professional association. This is called Normative Isomorphism.

Music industry has a high-moderate uncertain environment. They are participative decentralized, have few departments, few integrating roles, planning orientation and fast response.

First systematic approaches to study organizations were developed by pioneers of management thought such as Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henry Gantt, Frank and Lillian Gilbert, Henri Fayol and James Mooney. All of these scholars were mostly interested in efficient processing of internal systems. Peter F. Drucker was from postmodern era.